отправлять уведомления о перезагрузке узлам NFS (send reboot notifications to NFS peers)
Имя (Name)
sm-notify - send reboot notifications to NFS peers
Синопсис (Synopsis)
/usr/sbin/sm-notify [-dfn] [-m minutes] [-v name] [-p notify-
port] [-P path]
Описание (Description)
File locks are not part of persistent file system state. Lock
state is thus lost when a host reboots.
Network file systems must also detect when lock state is lost
because a remote host has rebooted. After an NFS client reboots,
an NFS server must release all file locks held by applications
that were running on that client. After a server reboots, a
client must remind the server of file locks held by applications
running on that client.
For NFS version 2 and version 3, the Network Status Monitor
protocol (or NSM for short) is used to notify NFS peers of
reboots. On Linux, two separate user-space components constitute
the NSM service:
sm-notify
A helper program that notifies NFS peers after the local
system reboots
rpc.statd
A daemon that listens for reboot notifications from other
hosts, and manages the list of hosts to be notified when
the local system reboots
The local NFS lock manager alerts its local rpc.statd of each
remote peer that should be monitored. When the local system
reboots, the sm-notify command notifies the NSM service on
monitored peers of the reboot. When a remote reboots, that peer
notifies the local rpc.statd, which in turn passes the reboot
notification back to the local NFS lock manager.
Детали операции NSM (NSM operation in detail)
The first file locking interaction between an NFS client and
server causes the NFS lock managers on both peers to contact
their local NSM service to store information about the opposite
peer. On Linux, the local lock manager contacts rpc.statd.
rpc.statd records information about each monitored NFS peer on
persistent storage. This information describes how to contact a
remote peer in case the local system reboots, how to recognize
which monitored peer is reporting a reboot, and how to notify the
local lock manager when a monitored peer indicates it has
rebooted.
An NFS client sends a hostname, known as the client's
caller_name, in each file lock request. An NFS server can use
this hostname to send asynchronous GRANT calls to a client, or to
notify the client it has rebooted.
The Linux NFS server can provide the client's caller_name or the
client's network address to rpc.statd. For the purposes of the
NSM protocol, this name or address is known as the monitored
peer's mon_name. In addition, the local lock manager tells
rpc.statd what it thinks its own hostname is. For the purposes
of the NSM protocol, this hostname is known as my_name.
There is no equivalent interaction between an NFS server and a
client to inform the client of the server's caller_name.
Therefore NFS clients do not actually know what mon_name an NFS
server might use in an SM_NOTIFY request. The Linux NFS client
records the server's hostname used on the mount command to
identify rebooting NFS servers.
Reboot notification
When the local system reboots, the sm-notify command reads the
list of monitored peers from persistent storage and sends an
SM_NOTIFY request to the NSM service on each listed remote peer.
It uses the mon_name string as the destination. To identify
which host has rebooted, the sm-notify command normally sends
my_name string recorded when that remote was monitored. The
remote rpc.statd matches incoming SM_NOTIFY requests using this
string, or the caller's network address, to one or more peers on
its own monitor list.
If rpc.statd does not find a peer on its monitor list that
matches an incoming SM_NOTIFY request, the notification is not
forwarded to the local lock manager. In addition, each peer has
its own NSM state number, a 32-bit integer that is bumped after
each reboot by the sm-notify command. rpc.statd uses this number
to distinguish between actual reboots and replayed notifications.
Part of NFS lock recovery is rediscovering which peers need to be
monitored again. The sm-notify command clears the monitor list
on persistent storage after each reboot.
Параметры (Options)
-d Keeps sm-notify attached to its controlling terminal and
running in the foreground so that notification progress
may be monitored directly.
-f Send notifications even if sm-notify has already run since
the last system reboot.
-m retry-time
Specifies the length of time, in minutes, to continue
retrying notifications to unresponsive hosts. If this
option is not specified, sm-notify attempts to send
notifications for 15 minutes. Specifying a value of 0
causes sm-notify to continue sending notifications to
unresponsive peers until it is manually killed.
Notifications are retried if sending fails, the remote
does not respond, the remote's NSM service is not
registered, or if there is a DNS failure which prevents
the remote's mon_name from being resolved to an address.
Hosts are not removed from the notification list until a
valid reply has been received. However, the SM_NOTIFY
procedure has a void result. There is no way for sm-
notify to tell if the remote recognized the sender and has
started appropriate lock recovery.
-n Prevents sm-notify from updating the local system's NSM
state number.
-p port
Specifies the source port number sm-notify should use when
sending reboot notifications. If this option is not
specified, a randomly chosen ephemeral port is used.
This option can be used to traverse a firewall between
client and server.
-P, --state-directory-path pathname
Specifies the pathname of the parent directory where NSM
state information resides. If this option is not
specified, sm-notify uses /var/lib/nfs by default.
After starting, sm-notify attempts to set its effective
UID and GID to the owner and group of the subdirectory sm
of this directory. After changing the effective ids, sm-
notify only needs to access files in sm and sm.bak within
the state-directory-path.
-v ipaddr | hostname
Specifies the network address from which to send reboot
notifications, and the mon_name argument to use when
sending SM_NOTIFY requests. If this option is not
specified, sm-notify uses a wildcard address as the
transport bind address, and uses the my_name recorded when
the remote was monitored as the mon_name argument when
sending SM_NOTIFY requests.
The ipaddr form can be expressed as either an IPv4 or an
IPv6 presentation address. If the ipaddr form is used,
the sm-notify command converts this address to a hostname
for use as the mon_name argument when sending SM_NOTIFY
requests.
This option can be useful in multi-homed configurations
where the remote requires notification from a specific
network address.
Конфигурационный файл (Config file)
Many of the options that can be set on the command line can also
be controlled through values set in the [sm-notify] or, in one
case, the [statd] section of the /etc/nfs.conf configuration
file.
Values recognized in the [sm-notify] section include: retry-time,
outgoing-port, and outgoing-addr. These have the same effect as
the command line options m, p, and v respectively.
An additional value recognized in the [sm-notify] section is
lift-grace. By default, sm-notify will lift lockd's grace period
early if it has no hosts to notify. Some high availability
configurations will run one sm-notify per floating IP address.
In these configurations, lifting the grace period early may
prevent clients from reclaiming locks. Setting lift-grace to n
will prevent sm-notify from ending the grace period early. lift-
grace has no corresponding command line option.
The value recognized in the [statd] section is state-directory-
path.
Безопасность (Security)
The sm-notify command must be started as root to acquire
privileges needed to access the state information database. It
drops root privileges as soon as it starts up to reduce the risk
of a privilege escalation attack.
During normal operation, the effective user ID it chooses is the
owner of the state directory. This allows it to continue to
access files in that directory after it has dropped its root
privileges. To control which user ID rpc.statd chooses, simply
use chown(1) to set the owner of the state directory.
Дополнительные замечания (Additional notes)
Lock recovery after a reboot is critical to maintaining data
integrity and preventing unnecessary application hangs.
To help rpc.statd match SM_NOTIFY requests to NLM requests, a
number of best practices should be observed, including:
The UTS nodename of your systems should match the DNS
names that NFS peers use to contact them
The UTS nodenames of your systems should always be fully
qualified domain names
The forward and reverse DNS mapping of the UTS nodenames
should be consistent
The hostname the client uses to mount the server should
match the server's mon_name in SM_NOTIFY requests it sends
Unmounting an NFS file system does not necessarily stop either
the NFS client or server from monitoring each other. Both may
continue monitoring each other for a time in case subsequent NFS
traffic between the two results in fresh mounts and additional
file locking.
On Linux, if the lockd kernel module is unloaded during normal
operation, all remote NFS peers are unmonitored. This can happen
on an NFS client, for example, if an automounter removes all NFS
mount points due to inactivity.
IPv6 and TI-RPC support
TI-RPC is a pre-requisite for supporting NFS on IPv6. If TI-RPC
support is built into the sm-notify command ,it will choose an
appropriate IPv4 or IPv6 transport based on the network address
returned by DNS for each remote peer. It should be fully
compatible with remote systems that do not support TI-RPC or
IPv6.
Currently, the sm-notify command supports sending notification
only via datagram transport protocols.
Файлы (Files)
/var/lib/nfs/sm
directory containing monitor list
/var/lib/nfs/sm.bak
directory containing notify list
/var/lib/nfs/state
NSM state number for this host
/proc/sys/fs/nfs/nsm_local_state
kernel's copy of the NSM state number
Смотри также (See also)
rpc.statd(8), nfs(5), uname(2), hostname(7)
RFC 1094 - "NFS: Network File System Protocol Specification"
RFC 1813 - "NFS Version 3 Protocol Specification"
OpenGroup Protocols for Interworking: XNFS, Version 3W - Chapter
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