распечатать трассировку пакетов маршрута к сетевому узлу (print the route packets trace to network host)
Примечание (Note)
To speed up work, normally several probes are sent
simultaneously. On the other hand, it creates a "storm of
packages", especially in the reply direction. Routers can
throttle the rate of icmp responses, and some of replies can be
lost. To avoid this, decrease the number of simultaneous probes,
or even set it to 1 (like in initial traceroute implementation),
i.e. -N 1
The final (target) host can drop some of the simultaneous probes,
and might even answer only the latest ones. It can lead to extra
"looks like expired" hops near the final hop. We use a smart
algorithm to auto-detect such a situation, but if it cannot help
in your case, just use -N 1 too.
For even greater stability you can slow down the program's work
by -z option, for example use -z 0.5 for half-second pause
between probes.
To avoid an extra waiting, we use adaptive algorithm for timeouts
(see -w option for more info). It can lead to premature expiry
(especially when response times differ at times) and printing "*"
instead of a time. In such a case, switch this algorithm off, by
specifying -w with the desired timeout only (for example, -w 5).
If some hops report nothing for every method, the last chance to
obtain something is to use ping -R command (IPv4, and for nearest
8 hops only).
