точечная среда (point environment)
Пролог (Prolog)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
Имя (Name)
fenv.h — floating-point environment
Синопсис (Synopsis)
#include <fenv.h>
Описание (Description)
The functionality described on this reference page is aligned
with the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements
described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This
volume of POSIX.1‐2017 defers to the ISO C standard.
The <fenv.h> header shall define the following data types through
typedef:
fenv_t Represents the entire floating-point environment. The
floating-point environment refers collectively to any
floating-point status flags and control modes supported
by the implementation.
fexcept_t Represents the floating-point status flags
collectively, including any status the implementation
associates with the flags. A floating-point status flag
is a system variable whose value is set (but never
cleared) when a floating-point exception is raised,
which occurs as a side-effect of exceptional floating-
point arithmetic to provide auxiliary information. A
floating-point control mode is a system variable whose
value may be set by the user to affect the subsequent
behavior of floating-point arithmetic.
The <fenv.h> header shall define each of the following macros if
and only if the implementation supports the floating-point
exception by means of the floating-point functions
feclearexcept(), fegetexceptflag(), feraiseexcept(),
fesetexceptflag(), and fetestexcept(). The defined macros shall
expand to integer constant expressions with values that are
bitwise-distinct.
FE_DIVBYZERO FE_INEXACT FE_INVALID FE_OVERFLOW
FE_UNDERFLOW
If the implementation supports the IEC 60559 Floating-Point
option, all five macros shall be defined. Additional
implementation-defined floating-point exceptions with macros
beginning with FE_ and an uppercase letter may also be specified
by the implementation.
The <fenv.h> header shall define the macro FE_ALL_EXCEPT as the
bitwise-inclusive OR of all floating-point exception macros
defined by the implementation, if any. If no such macros are
defined, then the macro FE_ALL_EXCEPT shall be defined as zero.
The <fenv.h> header shall define each of the following macros if
and only if the implementation supports getting and setting the
represented rounding direction by means of the fegetround() and
fesetround() functions. The defined macros shall expand to
integer constant expressions whose values are distinct non-
negative values.
FE_DOWNWARD FE_TONEAREST FE_TOWARDZERO FE_UPWARD
If the implementation supports the IEC 60559 Floating-Point
option, all four macros shall be defined. Additional
implementation-defined rounding directions with macros beginning
with FE_ and an uppercase letter may also be specified by the
implementation.
The <fenv.h> header shall define the following macro, which
represents the default floating-point environment (that is, the
one installed at program startup) and has type pointer to const-
qualified fenv_t. It can be used as an argument to the functions
within the <fenv.h> header that manage the floating-point
environment.
FE_DFL_ENV
The following shall be declared as functions and may also be
defined as macros. Function prototypes shall be provided.
int feclearexcept(int);
int fegetenv(fenv_t *);
int fegetexceptflag(fexcept_t *, int);
int fegetround(void);
int feholdexcept(fenv_t *);
int feraiseexcept(int);
int fesetenv(const fenv_t *);
int fesetexceptflag(const fexcept_t *, int);
int fesetround(int);
int fetestexcept(int);
int feupdateenv(const fenv_t *);
The FENV_ACCESS pragma provides a means to inform the
implementation when an application might access the floating-
point environment to test floating-point status flags or run
under non-default floating-point control modes. The pragma shall
occur either outside external declarations or preceding all
explicit declarations and statements inside a compound statement.
When outside external declarations, the pragma takes effect from
its occurrence until another FENV_ACCESS pragma is encountered,
or until the end of the translation unit. When inside a compound
statement, the pragma takes effect from its occurrence until
another FENV_ACCESS pragma is encountered (including within a
nested compound statement), or until the end of the compound
statement; at the end of a compound statement the state for the
pragma is restored to its condition just before the compound
statement. If this pragma is used in any other context, the
behavior is undefined. If part of an application tests floating-
point status flags, sets floating-point control modes, or runs
under non-default mode settings, but was translated with the
state for the FENV_ACCESS pragma off, the behavior is undefined.
The default state (on or off) for the pragma is implementation-
defined. (When execution passes from a part of the application
translated with FENV_ACCESS off to a part translated with
FENV_ACCESS on, the state of the floating-point status flags is
unspecified and the floating-point control modes have their
default settings.)
The following sections are informative.
Использование в приложениях (Application usage)
This header is designed to support the floating-point exception
status flags and directed-rounding control modes required by the
IEC 60559:1989 standard, and other similar floating-point state
information. Also it is designed to facilitate code portability
among all systems.
Certain application programming conventions support the intended
model of use for the floating-point environment:
* A function call does not alter its caller's floating-point
control modes, clear its caller's floating-point status
flags, nor depend on the state of its caller's floating-point
status flags unless the function is so documented.
* A function call is assumed to require default floating-point
control modes, unless its documentation promises otherwise.
* A function call is assumed to have the potential for raising
floating-point exceptions, unless its documentation promises
otherwise.
With these conventions, an application can safely assume default
floating-point control modes (or be unaware of them). The
responsibilities associated with accessing the floating-point
environment fall on the application that does so explicitly.
Even though the rounding direction macros may expand to constants
corresponding to the values of FLT_ROUNDS, they are not required
to do so.
For example:
#include <fenv.h>
void f(double x)
{
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
void g(double);
void h(double);
/* ... */
g(x + 1);
h(x + 1);
/* ... */
}
If the function g() might depend on status flags set as a side-
effect of the first x+1, or if the second x+1 might depend on
control modes set as a side-effect of the call to function g(),
then the application shall contain an appropriately placed
invocation as follows:
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
Обоснование (Rationale)
The fexcept_t Type
fexcept_t does not have to be an integer type. Its values must be
obtained by a call to fegetexceptflag(), and cannot be created by
logical operations from the exception macros. An implementation
might simply implement fexcept_t as an int and use the
representations reflected by the exception macros, but is not
required to; other representations might contain extra
information about the exceptions. fexcept_t might be a struct
with a member for each exception (that might hold the address of
the first or last floating-point instruction that caused that
exception). The ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard makes no claims about
the internals of an fexcept_t, and so the user cannot inspect it.
Exception and Rounding Macros
Macros corresponding to unsupported modes and rounding directions
are not defined by the implementation and must not be defined by
the application. An application might use #ifdef to test for
this.
Будущие направления (Future directions)
None.
Смотри также (See also)
The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017, feclearexcept(3p),
fegetenv(3p), fegetexceptflag(3p), fegetround(3p),
feholdexcept(3p), feraiseexcept(3p), fetestexcept(3p),
feupdateenv(3p)
