целые типы (integer types)
Обоснование (Rationale)
The <stdint.h> header is a subset of the <inttypes.h> header more
suitable for use in freestanding environments, which might not
support the formatted I/O functions. In some environments, if the
formatted conversion support is not wanted, using this header
instead of the <inttypes.h> header avoids defining such a large
number of macros.
As a consequence of adding int8_t, the following are true:
* A byte is exactly 8 bits.
* {CHAR_BIT} has the value 8, {SCHAR_MAX} has the value 127,
{SCHAR_MIN} has the value -128, and {UCHAR_MAX} has the value
255.
(The POSIX standard explicitly requires 8-bit char and two's-
complement arithmetic.)
