стандартный буферизованный ввод/вывод (standard buffered input/output)
Пролог (Prolog)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
Имя (Name)
stdio.h — standard buffered input/output
Синопсис (Synopsis)
#include <stdio.h>
Описание (Description)
Some of the functionality described on this reference page
extends the ISO C standard. Applications shall define the
appropriate feature test macro (see the System Interfaces volume
of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 2.2, The Compilation Environment) to
enable the visibility of these symbols in this header.
The <stdio.h> header shall define the following data types
through typedef:
FILE A structure containing information about a file.
fpos_t A non-array type containing all information needed
to specify uniquely every position within a file.
off_t As described in <sys/types.h>.
size_t As described in <stddef.h>.
ssize_t As described in <sys/types.h>.
va_list As described in <stdarg.h>.
The <stdio.h> header shall define the following macros which
shall expand to integer constant expressions:
BUFSIZ Size of <stdio.h> buffers. This shall expand to a
positive value.
L_ctermid Maximum size of character array to hold ctermid()
output.
L_tmpnam Maximum size of character array to hold tmpnam()
output.
The <stdio.h> header shall define the following macros which
shall expand to integer constant expressions with distinct
values:
_IOFBF Input/output fully buffered.
_IOLBF Input/output line buffered.
_IONBF Input/output unbuffered.
The <stdio.h> header shall define the following macros which
shall expand to integer constant expressions with distinct
values:
SEEK_CUR Seek relative to current position.
SEEK_END Seek relative to end-of-file.
SEEK_SET Seek relative to start-of-file.
The <stdio.h> header shall define the following macros which
shall expand to integer constant expressions denoting
implementation limits:
{FILENAME_MAX}
Maximum size in bytes of the longest pathname that
the implementation guarantees can be opened.
{FOPEN_MAX} Number of streams which the implementation
guarantees can be open simultaneously. The value is
at least eight.
{TMP_MAX} Minimum number of unique filenames generated by
tmpnam(). Maximum number of times an application
can call tmpnam() reliably. The value of {TMP_MAX}
is at least 25.
On XSI-conformant systems, the value of {TMP_MAX}
is at least 10000.
The <stdio.h> header shall define the following macro which shall
expand to an integer constant expression with type int and a
negative value:
EOF End-of-file return value.
The <stdio.h> header shall define NULL as described in
<stddef.h>.
The <stdio.h> header shall define the following macro which shall
expand to a string constant:
P_tmpdir Default directory prefix for tempnam().
The <stdio.h> header shall define the following macros which
shall expand to expressions of type ``pointer to FILE'' that
point to the FILE objects associated, respectively, with the
standard error, input, and output streams:
stderr Standard error output stream.
stdin Standard input stream.
stdout Standard output stream.
The following shall be declared as functions and may also be
defined as macros. Function prototypes shall be provided.
void clearerr(FILE *);
char *ctermid(char *);
int dprintf(int, const char *restrict, ...)
int fclose(FILE *);
FILE *fdopen(int, const char *);
int feof(FILE *);
int ferror(FILE *);
int fflush(FILE *);
int fgetc(FILE *);
int fgetpos(FILE *restrict, fpos_t *restrict);
char *fgets(char *restrict, int, FILE *restrict);
int fileno(FILE *);
void flockfile(FILE *);
FILE *fmemopen(void *restrict, size_t, const char *restrict);
FILE *fopen(const char *restrict, const char *restrict);
int fprintf(FILE *restrict, const char *restrict, ...);
int fputc(int, FILE *);
int fputs(const char *restrict, FILE *restrict);
size_t fread(void *restrict, size_t, size_t, FILE *restrict);
FILE *freopen(const char *restrict, const char *restrict,
FILE *restrict);
int fscanf(FILE *restrict, const char *restrict, ...);
int fseek(FILE *, long, int);
int fseeko(FILE *, off_t, int);
int fsetpos(FILE *, const fpos_t *);
long ftell(FILE *);
off_t ftello(FILE *);
int ftrylockfile(FILE *);
void funlockfile(FILE *);
size_t fwrite(const void *restrict, size_t, size_t, FILE *restrict);
int getc(FILE *);
int getchar(void);
int getc_unlocked(FILE *);
int getchar_unlocked(void);
ssize_t getdelim(char **restrict, size_t *restrict, int,
FILE *restrict);
ssize_t getline(char **restrict, size_t *restrict, FILE *restrict);
char *gets(char *);
FILE *open_memstream(char **, size_t *);
int pclose(FILE *);
void perror(const char *);
FILE *popen(const char *, const char *);
int printf(const char *restrict, ...);
int putc(int, FILE *);
int putchar(int);
int putc_unlocked(int, FILE *);
int putchar_unlocked(int);
int puts(const char *);
int remove(const char *);
int rename(const char *, const char *);
int renameat(int, const char *, int, const char *);
void rewind(FILE *);
int scanf(const char *restrict, ...);
void setbuf(FILE *restrict, char *restrict);
int setvbuf(FILE *restrict, char *restrict, int, size_t);
int snprintf(char *restrict, size_t, const char *restrict, ...);
int sprintf(char *restrict, const char *restrict, ...);
int sscanf(const char *restrict, const char *restrict, ...);
char *tempnam(const char *, const char *);
FILE *tmpfile(void);
char *tmpnam(char *);
int ungetc(int, FILE *);
int vdprintf(int, const char *restrict, va_list);
int vfprintf(FILE *restrict, const char *restrict, va_list);
int vfscanf(FILE *restrict, const char *restrict, va_list);
int vprintf(const char *restrict, va_list);
int vscanf(const char *restrict, va_list);
int vsnprintf(char *restrict, size_t, const char *restrict,
va_list);
int vsprintf(char *restrict, const char *restrict, va_list);
int vsscanf(const char *restrict, const char *restrict, va_list);
Inclusion of the <stdio.h> header may also make visible all
symbols from <stddef.h>.
The following sections are informative.
Использование в приложениях (Application usage)
Since standard I/O streams may use an underlying file descriptor
to access the file associated with a stream, application
developers need to be aware that {FOPEN_MAX} streams may not be
available if file descriptors are being used to access files that
are not associated with streams.
Обоснование (Rationale)
There is a conflict between the ISO C standard and the POSIX
definition of the {TMP_MAX} macro that is addressed by
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard, Defect Report 336. The POSIX standard
is in alignment with the public record of the response to the
Defect Report. This change has not yet been published as part of
the ISO C standard.
Будущие направления (Future directions)
None.
Смотри также (See also)
stdarg.h(0p), stddef.h(0p), sys_types.h(0p)
The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 2.2, The
Compilation Environment, clearerr(3p), ctermid(3p), fclose(3p),
fdopen(3p), feof(3p), ferror(3p), fflush(3p), fgetc(3p),
fgetpos(3p), fgets(3p), fileno(3p), flockfile(3p), fmemopen(3p),
fopen(3p), fprintf(3p), fputc(3p), fputs(3p), fread(3p),
freopen(3p), fscanf(3p), fseek(3p), fsetpos(3p), ftell(3p),
fwrite(3p), getc(3p), getchar(3p), getc_unlocked(3p),
getdelim(3p), getopt(3p), gets(3p), open_memstream(3p),
pclose(3p), perror(3p), popen(3p), putc(3p), putchar(3p),
puts(3p), remove(3p), rename(3p), rewind(3p), setbuf(3p),
setvbuf(3p), stdin(3p), system(3p), tempnam(3p), tmpfile(3p),
tmpnam(3p), ungetc(3p), vfprintf(3p), vfscanf(3p)
