инициализировать основные системные настройки при первой загрузке системы или перед ней (Initialize basic system settings on or before the first boot-up of a system)
Имя (Name)
systemd-firstboot, systemd-firstboot.service - Initialize basic
system settings on or before the first boot-up of a system
Синопсис (Synopsis)
systemd-firstboot [OPTIONS...]
systemd-firstboot.service
Описание (Description)
systemd-firstboot initializes the most basic system settings
interactively on the first boot, or optionally non-interactively
when a system image is created. The service is started if
ConditionFirstBoot=yes is satisfied. This essentially means that
/etc/ is empty, see systemd.unit(5) for details.
The following settings may be set up:
• The system locale, more specifically the two locale variables
LANG= and LC_MESSAGES
• The system keyboard map
• The system time zone
• The system hostname
• The machine ID of the system
• The root user's password
Each of the fields may either be queried interactively by users,
set non-interactively on the tool's command line, or be copied
from a host system that is used to set up the system image.
If a setting is already initialized, it will not be overwritten
and the user will not be prompted for the setting.
Note that this tool operates directly on the file system and does
not involve any running system services, unlike localectl(1),
timedatectl(1) or hostnamectl(1). This allows systemd-firstboot
to operate on mounted but not booted disk images and in early
boot. It is not recommended to use systemd-firstboot on the
running system while it is up.
Параметры (Options)
The following options are understood:
--root=root
Takes a directory path as an argument. All paths will be
prefixed with the given alternate root path, including config
search paths. This is useful to operate on a system image
mounted to the specified directory instead of the host system
itself.
--image=path
Takes a path to a disk image file or block device node. If
specified all operations are applied to file system in the
indicated disk image. This is similar to --root= but operates
on file systems stored in disk images or block devices. The
disk image should either contain just a file system or a set
of file systems within a GPT partition table, following the
Discoverable Partitions Specification
--locale=LOCALE, --locale-messages=LOCALE
Sets the system locale, more specifically the LANG= and
LC_MESSAGES settings. The argument should be a valid locale
identifier, such as "de_DE.UTF-8". This controls the
locale.conf(5) configuration file.
--keymap=KEYMAP
Sets the system keyboard layout. The argument should be a
valid keyboard map, such as "de-latin1". This controls the
"KEYMAP" entry in the vconsole.conf(5) configuration file.
--timezone=TIMEZONE
Sets the system time zone. The argument should be a valid
time zone identifier, such as "Europe/Berlin". This controls
the localtime(5) symlink.
--hostname=HOSTNAME
Sets the system hostname. The argument should be a hostname,
compatible with DNS. This controls the hostname(5)
configuration file.
--machine-id=ID
Sets the system's machine ID. This controls the machine-id(5)
file.
--root-password=PASSWORD, --root-password-file=PATH,
--root-password-hashed=HASHED_PASSWORD
Sets the password of the system's root user. This
creates/modifies the passwd(5) and shadow(5) files. This
setting exists in three forms: --root-password= accepts the
password to set directly on the command line,
--root-password-file= reads it from a file and
--root-password-hashed= accepts an already hashed password on
the command line. See shadow(5) for more information on the
format of the hashed password. Note that it is not
recommended to specify plaintext passwords on the command
line, as other users might be able to see them simply by
invoking ps(1).
--root-shell=SHELL
Sets the shell of the system's root user. This
creates/modifies the passwd(5) file.
--kernel-command-line=CMDLINE
Sets the system's kernel command line. This controls the
/etc/kernel/cmdline file which is used by kernel-install(8).
--prompt-locale, --prompt-keymap, --prompt-timezone,
--prompt-hostname, --prompt-root-password, --prompt-root-shell
Prompt the user interactively for a specific basic setting.
Note that any explicit configuration settings specified on
the command line take precedence, and the user is not
prompted for it.
--prompt
Query the user for locale, keymap, timezone, hostname, root's
password, and root's shell. This is equivalent to specifying
--prompt-locale, --prompt-keymap, --prompt-timezone,
--prompt-hostname, --prompt-root-password,
--prompt-root-shell in combination.
--copy-locale, --copy-keymap, --copy-timezone,
--copy-root-password, --copy-root-shell
Copy a specific basic setting from the host. This only works
in combination with --root= (see above).
--copy
Copy locale, keymap, time zone, root password and shell from
the host. This is equivalent to specifying --copy-locale,
--copy-keymap, --copy-timezone, --copy-root-password,
--copy-root-shell in combination.
--setup-machine-id
Initialize the system's machine ID to a random ID. This only
works in combination with --root=.
--force
systemd-firstboot doesn't modify existing files unless
--force is specified. For modifications to /etc/passwd and
/etc/shadow, systemd-firstboot only modifies the entry of the
"root" user instead of overwriting the entire file.
--delete-root-password
Removes the password of the system's root user, enabling
login as root without a password unless the root account is
locked. Note that this is extremely insecure and hence this
option should not be used lightly.
--welcome=
Takes a boolean argument. By default when prompting the user
for configuration options a brief welcome text is shown
before the first question is asked. Pass false to this option
to turn off the welcome text.
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
--version
Print a short version string and exit.
Учетные данные (Credentials)
systemd-firstboot supports the service credentials logic as
implemented by LoadCredential=/SetCredential= (see
systemd.exec(1) for details). The following credentials are used
when passed in:
"passwd.hashed-password.root", "passwd.plaintext-password.root"
A hashed or plaintext version of the root password to use, in
place of prompting the user. These credentials are equivalent
to the same ones defined for the systemd-sysusers.service(8)
service.
"passwd.shell.root"
Specifies the shell binary to use for the specified account.
Equivalent to the credential of the same name defined for the
systemd-sysusers.service(8) service.
"firstboot.locale", "firstboot.locale-messages"
These credentials specify the locale settings to set during
first boot, in place of prompting the user.
"firstboot.keymap"
This credential specifies the keyboard setting to set during
first boot, in place of prompting the user.
"firstboot.timezone"
This credential specifies the system timezone setting to set
during first boot, in place of prompting the user.
Note that by default the systemd-firstboot.service unit file is
set up to inherit the listed credentials from the service
manager. Thus, when invoking a container with an unpopulated
/etc/ for the first time it is possible to configure the root
user's password to be "systemd" like this:
# systemd-nspawn --image=... --set-credential=firstboot.locale:de_DE.UTF-8 ...
Note that these credentials are only read and applied during the
first boot process. Once they are applied they remain applied for
subsequent boots, and the credentials are not considered anymore.
Статус выхода (Exit)
On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.
Командная строка ядра (Kernel command line)
systemd.firstboot=
Takes a boolean argument, defaults to on. If off,
systemd-firstboot.service won't interactively query the user
for basic settings at first boot, even if those settings are
not initialized yet.
Смотри также (See also)
systemd(1), locale.conf(5), vconsole.conf(5), localtime(5),
hostname(5), machine-id(5), shadow(5),
systemd-machine-id-setup(1), localectl(1), timedatectl(1),
hostnamectl(1)
Примечание (Note)
1. Discoverable Partitions Specification
https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS
