инструмент для работы с архивом пакетов Debian (.deb) (Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool)
Имя (Name)
dpkg-deb - Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool
Синопсис (Synopsis)
dpkg-deb [option...] command
Описание (Description)
dpkg-deb packs, unpacks and provides information about Debian
archives.
Use dpkg to install and remove packages from your system.
You can also invoke dpkg-deb by calling dpkg with whatever
options you want to pass to dpkg-deb. dpkg will spot that you
wanted dpkg-deb and run it for you.
For most commands taking an input archive argument, the archive
can be read from standard input if the archive name is given as a
single minus character («-»); otherwise lack of support will be
documented in their respective command description.
Команды (Commands)
-b, --build binary-directory [archive|directory]
Creates a debian archive from the filesystem tree stored
in binary-directory. binary-directory must have a DEBIAN
subdirectory, which contains the control information files
such as the control file itself. This directory will not
appear in the binary package's filesystem archive, but
instead the files in it will be put in the binary
package's control information area.
Unless you specify --nocheck, dpkg-deb will read
DEBIAN/control and parse it. It will check the file for
syntax errors and other problems, and display the name of
the binary package being built. dpkg-deb will also check
the permissions of the maintainer scripts and other files
found in the DEBIAN control information directory.
If no archive is specified then dpkg-deb will write the
package into the file binary-directory.deb.
If the archive to be created already exists it will be
overwritten.
If the second argument is a directory then dpkg-deb will
write to the file directory/package_version_arch.deb.
When a target directory is specified, rather than a file,
the --nocheck option may not be used (since dpkg-deb needs
to read and parse the package control file to determine
which filename to use).
-I, --info archive [control-file-name...]
Provides information about a binary package archive.
If no control-file-names are specified then it will print
a summary of the contents of the package as well as its
control file.
If any control-file-names are specified then dpkg-deb will
print them in the order they were specified; if any of the
components weren't present it will print an error message
to stderr about each one and exit with status 2.
-W, --show archive
Provides information about a binary package archive in the
format specified by the --showformat argument. The default
format displays the package's name and version on one
line, separated by a tabulator.
-f, --field archive [control-field-name...]
Extracts control file information from a binary package
archive.
If no control-field-names are specified then it will print
the whole control file.
If any are specified then dpkg-deb will print their
contents, in the order in which they appear in the control
file. If more than one control-field-name is specified
then dpkg-deb will precede each with its field name (and a
colon and space).
No errors are reported for fields requested but not found.
-c, --contents archive
Lists the contents of the filesystem tree archive portion
of the package archive. It is currently produced in the
format generated by tar's verbose listing.
-x, --extract archive directory
Extracts the filesystem tree from a package archive into
the specified directory.
Note that extracting a package to the root directory will
not result in a correct installation! Use dpkg to install
packages.
directory (but not its parents) will be created if
necessary, and its permissions modified to match the
contents of the package.
-X, --vextract archive directory
Is like --extract (-x) with --verbose (-v) which prints a
listing of the files extracted as it goes.
-R, --raw-extract archive directory
Extracts the filesystem tree from a package archive into a
specified directory, and the control information files
into a DEBIAN subdirectory of the specified directory
(since dpkg 1.16.1).
The target directory (but not its parents) will be created
if necessary.
The input archive is not (currently) processed
sequentially, so reading it from standard input («-») is
not supported.
--ctrl-tarfile archive
Extracts the control data from a binary package and sends
it to standard output in tar format (since dpkg 1.17.14).
Together with tar(1) this can be used to extract a
particular control file from a package archive. The input
archive will always be processed sequentially.
--fsys-tarfile archive
Extracts the filesystem tree data from a binary package
and sends it to standard output in tar format. Together
with tar(1) this can be used to extract a particular file
from a package archive. The input archive will always be
processed sequentially.
-e, --control archive [directory]
Extracts the control information files from a package
archive into the specified directory.
If no directory is specified then a subdirectory DEBIAN in
the current directory is used.
The target directory (but not its parents) will be created
if necessary.
-?, --help
Show the usage message and exit.
--version
Show the version and exit.
Параметры (Options)
--showformat=format
This option is used to specify the format of the output
--show will produce. The format is a string that will be
output for each package listed.
The string may reference any status field using the
'${field-name}' form, a list of the valid fields can be
easily produced using -I on the same package. A complete
explanation of the formatting options (including escape
sequences and field tabbing) can be found in the
explanation of the --showformat option in dpkg-query(1).
The default for this field is '${Package}\t${Version}\n'.
-zcompress-level
Specify which compression level to use on the compressor
backend, when building a package (default is 9 for gzip, 6
for xz). The accepted values are 0-9 with: 0 being mapped
to compressor none for gzip. Before dpkg 1.16.2 level 0
was equivalent to compressor none for all compressors.
-Scompress-strategy
Specify which compression strategy to use on the
compressor backend, when building a package (since dpkg
1.16.2). Allowed values are none (since dpkg 1.16.4),
filtered, huffman, rle and fixed for gzip (since dpkg
1.17.0) and extreme for xz.
-Zcompress-type
Specify which compression type to use when building a
package. Allowed values are gzip, xz (since dpkg 1.15.6),
and none (default is xz).
--[no-]uniform-compression
Specify that the same compression parameters should be
used for all archive members (i.e. control.tar and
data.tar; since dpkg 1.17.6). Otherwise only the data.tar
member will use those parameters. The only supported
compression types allowed to be uniformly used are none,
gzip and xz. The --no-uniform-compression option disables
uniform compression (since dpkg 1.19.0). Uniform
compression is the default (since dpkg 1.19.0).
--root-owner-group
Set the owner and group for each entry in the filesystem
tree data to root with id 0 (since dpkg 1.19.0).
Note: This option can be useful for rootless builds (see
rootless-builds.txt), but should not be used when the
entries have an owner or group that is not root. Support
for these will be added later in the form of a meta
manifest.
--deb-format=format
Set the archive format version used when building (since
dpkg 1.17.0). Allowed values are 2.0 for the new format,
and 0.939000 for the old one (default is 2.0).
The old archive format is less easily parsed by non-Debian
tools and is now obsolete; its only use is when building
packages to be parsed by versions of dpkg older than
0.93.76 (September 1995), which was released as i386 a.out
only.
--nocheck
Inhibits dpkg-deb --build's usual checks on the proposed
contents of an archive. You can build any archive you
want, no matter how broken, this way.
-v, --verbose
Enables verbose output (since dpkg 1.16.1). This
currently only affects --extract making it behave like
--vextract.
-D, --debug
Enables debugging output. This is not very interesting.
Статус выхода (Exit)
0 The requested action was successfully performed.
2 Fatal or unrecoverable error due to invalid command-line
usage, or interactions with the system, such as accesses
to the database, memory allocations, etc.
Окружение (Environment)
DPKG_COLORS
Sets the color mode (since dpkg 1.18.5). The currently
accepted values are: auto (default), always and never.
TMPDIR If set, dpkg-deb will use it as the directory in which to
create temporary files and directories.
SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH
If set, it will be used as the timestamp (as seconds since
the epoch) in the deb(5)'s ar(5) container and used to
clamp the mtime in the tar(5) file entries.
Примечание (Note)
Do not attempt to use just dpkg-deb to install software! You must
use dpkg proper to ensure that all the files are correctly placed
and the package's scripts run and its status and contents
recorded.
Ошибки (баги) (Bugs)
dpkg-deb -I package1.deb package2.deb does the wrong thing.
There is no authentication on .deb files; in fact, there isn't
even a straightforward checksum. (Higher level tools like APT
support authenticating .deb packages retrieved from a given
repository, and most packages nowadays provide an md5sum control
file generated by debian/rules. Though this is not directly
supported by the lower level tools.)
Смотри также (See also)
deb(5), deb-control(5), dpkg(1), dselect(1).
