Путеводитель по Руководству Linux

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   file    ( 1 )

определить тип файла (determine file type)

Безопасность (Security)

On systems where libseccomp (https://github.com/seccomp/libseccomp )
     is available, file is enforces limiting system calls to only the
     ones necessary for the operation of the program.  This enforcement
     does not provide any security benefit when file is asked to
     decompress input files running external programs with the -z
     option.  To enable execution of external decompressors, one needs
     to disable sandboxing using the -S option.