закрыть ручей (close a stream)
Пролог (Prolog)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
Имя (Name)
fclose — close a stream
Синопсис (Synopsis)
#include <stdio.h>
int fclose(FILE *stream);
Описание (Description)
The functionality described on this reference page is aligned
with the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements
described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This
volume of POSIX.1‐2017 defers to the ISO C standard.
The fclose() function shall cause the stream pointed to by stream
to be flushed and the associated file to be closed. Any unwritten
buffered data for the stream shall be written to the file; any
unread buffered data shall be discarded. Whether or not the call
succeeds, the stream shall be disassociated from the file and any
buffer set by the setbuf() or setvbuf() function shall be
disassociated from the stream. If the associated buffer was
automatically allocated, it shall be deallocated.
If the file is not already at EOF, and the file is one capable of
seeking, the file offset of the underlying open file description
shall be set to the file position of the stream if the stream is
the active handle to the underlying file description.
The fclose() function shall mark for update the last data
modification and last file status change timestamps of the
underlying file, if the stream was writable, and if buffered data
remains that has not yet been written to the file. The fclose()
function shall perform the equivalent of a close() on the file
descriptor that is associated with the stream pointed to by
stream.
After the call to fclose(), any use of stream results in
undefined behavior.
Возвращаемое значение (Return value)
Upon successful completion, fclose() shall return 0; otherwise,
it shall return EOF and set errno to indicate the error.
Ошибки (Error)
The fclose() function shall fail if:
EAGAIN The O_NONBLOCK flag is set for the file descriptor
underlying stream and the thread would be delayed in the
write operation.
EBADF The file descriptor underlying stream is not valid.
EFBIG An attempt was made to write a file that exceeds the
maximum file size.
EFBIG An attempt was made to write a file that exceeds the file
size limit of the process.
EFBIG The file is a regular file and an attempt was made to
write at or beyond the offset maximum associated with the
corresponding stream.
EINTR The fclose() function was interrupted by a signal.
EIO The process is a member of a background process group
attempting to write to its controlling terminal, TOSTOP is
set, the calling thread is not blocking SIGTTOU, the
process is not ignoring SIGTTOU, and the process group of
the process is orphaned. This error may also be returned
under implementation-defined conditions.
ENOMEM The underlying stream was created by open_memstream() or
open_wmemstream() and insufficient memory is available.
ENOSPC There was no free space remaining on the device containing
the file or in the buffer used by the fmemopen() function.
EPIPE An attempt is made to write to a pipe or FIFO that is not
open for reading by any process. A SIGPIPE signal shall
also be sent to the thread.
The fclose() function may fail if:
ENXIO A request was made of a nonexistent device, or the request
was outside the capabilities of the device.
The following sections are informative.
Примеры (Examples)
None.
Использование в приложениях (Application usage)
Since after the call to fclose() any use of stream results in
undefined behavior, fclose() should not be used on stdin, stdout,
or stderr except immediately before process termination (see the
Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 3.303, Process
Termination), so as to avoid triggering undefined behavior in
other standard interfaces that rely on these streams. If there
are any atexit() handlers registered by the application, such a
call to fclose() should not occur until the last handler is
finishing. Once fclose() has been used to close stdin, stdout, or
stderr, there is no standard way to reopen any of these streams.
Use of freopen() to change stdin, stdout, or stderr instead of
closing them avoids the danger of a file unexpectedly being
opened as one of the special file descriptors STDIN_FILENO,
STDOUT_FILENO, or STDERR_FILENO at a later time in the
application.
Обоснование (Rationale)
None.
Будущие направления (Future directions)
None.
Смотри также (See also)
Section 2.5, Standard I/O Streams, atexit(3p), close(3p),
fmemopen(3p), fopen(3p), freopen(3p), getrlimit(3p),
open_memstream(3p), ulimit(3p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, stdio.h(0p)
