открыть поток (open a stream)
Пролог (Prolog)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
Имя (Name)
freopen — open a stream
Синопсис (Synopsis)
#include <stdio.h>
FILE *freopen(const char *restrict pathname, const char *restrict mode,
FILE *restrict stream);
Описание (Description)
The functionality described on this reference page is aligned
with the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements
described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This
volume of POSIX.1‐2017 defers to the ISO C standard.
The freopen() function shall first attempt to flush the stream
associated with stream as if by a call to fflush(stream).
Failure to flush the stream successfully shall be ignored. If
pathname is not a null pointer, freopen() shall close any file
descriptor associated with stream. Failure to close the file
descriptor successfully shall be ignored. The error and end-of-
file indicators for the stream shall be cleared.
The freopen() function shall open the file whose pathname is the
string pointed to by pathname and associate the stream pointed to
by stream with it. The mode argument shall be used just as in
fopen().
The original stream shall be closed regardless of whether the
subsequent open succeeds.
If pathname is a null pointer, the freopen() function shall
attempt to change the mode of the stream to that specified by
mode, as if the name of the file currently associated with the
stream had been used. In this case, the file descriptor
associated with the stream need not be closed if the call to
freopen() succeeds. It is implementation-defined which changes of
mode are permitted (if any), and under what circumstances.
After a successful call to the freopen() function, the
orientation of the stream shall be cleared, the encoding rule
shall be cleared, and the associated mbstate_t object shall be
set to describe an initial conversion state.
If pathname is not a null pointer, or if pathname is a null
pointer and the specified mode change necessitates the file
descriptor associated with the stream to be closed and reopened,
the file descriptor associated with the reopened stream shall be
allocated and opened as if by a call to open() with the following
flags:
┌─────────────────┬───────────────────────────┐
│ freopen() Mode │ open() Flags │
├─────────────────┼───────────────────────────┤
│r or rb │ O_RDONLY │
│w or wb │ O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC │
│a or ab │ O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND │
│r+ or rb+ or r+b │ O_RDWR │
│w+ or wb+ or w+b │ O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC │
│a+ or ab+ or a+b │ O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_APPEND │
└─────────────────┴───────────────────────────┘
Возвращаемое значение (Return value)
Upon successful completion, freopen() shall return the value of
stream. Otherwise, a null pointer shall be returned, and errno
shall be set to indicate the error.
Ошибки (Error)
The freopen() function shall fail if:
EACCES Search permission is denied on a component of the path
prefix, or the file exists and the permissions specified
by mode are denied, or the file does not exist and write
permission is denied for the parent directory of the file
to be created.
EBADF The file descriptor underlying the stream is not a valid
file descriptor when pathname is a null pointer.
EINTR A signal was caught during freopen().
EISDIR The named file is a directory and mode requires write
access.
ELOOP A loop exists in symbolic links encountered during
resolution of the path argument.
EMFILE All file descriptors available to the process are
currently open.
ENAMETOOLONG
The length of a component of a pathname is longer than
{NAME_MAX}.
ENFILE The maximum allowable number of files is currently open in
the system.
ENOENT The mode string begins with 'r' and a component of
pathname does not name an existing file, or mode begins
with 'w' or 'a' and a component of the path prefix of
pathname does not name an existing file, or pathname is an
empty string.
ENOENT or ENOTDIR
The pathname argument contains at least one non-<slash>
character and ends with one or more trailing <slash>
characters. If pathname without the trailing <slash>
characters would name an existing file, an [ENOENT] error
shall not occur.
ENOSPC The directory or file system that would contain the new
file cannot be expanded, the file does not exist, and it
was to be created.
ENOTDIR
A component of the path prefix names an existing file that
is neither a directory nor a symbolic link to a directory,
or the pathname argument contains at least one non-<slash>
character and ends with one or more trailing <slash>
characters and the last pathname component names an
existing file that is neither a directory nor a symbolic
link to a directory.
ENXIO The named file is a character special or block special
file, and the device associated with this special file
does not exist.
EOVERFLOW
The named file is a regular file and the size of the file
cannot be represented correctly in an object of type
off_t.
EROFS The named file resides on a read-only file system and mode
requires write access.
The freopen() function may fail if:
EBADF The mode with which the file descriptor underlying the
stream was opened does not support the requested mode when
pathname is a null pointer.
EINVAL The value of the mode argument is not valid.
ELOOP More than {SYMLOOP_MAX} symbolic links were encountered
during resolution of the path argument.
ENAMETOOLONG
The length of a pathname exceeds {PATH_MAX}, or pathname
resolution of a symbolic link produced an intermediate
result with a length that exceeds {PATH_MAX}.
ENOMEM Insufficient storage space is available.
ENXIO A request was made of a nonexistent device, or the request
was outside the capabilities of the device.
ETXTBSY
The file is a pure procedure (shared text) file that is
being executed and mode requires write access.
The following sections are informative.
Примеры (Examples)
Directing Standard Output to a File
The following example logs all standard output to the
/tmp/logfile file.
#include <stdio.h>
...
FILE *fp;
...
fp = freopen ("/tmp/logfile", "a+", stdout);
...
Использование в приложениях (Application usage)
The freopen() function is typically used to attach the pre-opened
streams associated with stdin, stdout, and stderr to other files.
Since implementations are not required to support any stream mode
changes when the pathname argument is NULL, portable applications
cannot rely on the use of freopen() to change the stream mode,
and use of this feature is discouraged. The feature was
originally added to the ISO C standard in order to facilitate
changing stdin and stdout to binary mode. Since a 'b' character
in the mode has no effect on POSIX systems, this use of the
feature is unnecessary in POSIX applications. However, even
though the 'b' is ignored, a successful call to freopen(NULL,
"wb", stdout) does have an effect. In particular, for regular
files it truncates the file and sets the file-position indicator
for the stream to the start of the file. It is possible that
these side-effects are an unintended consequence of the way the
feature is specified in the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard, but
unless or until the ISO C standard is changed, applications which
successfully call freopen(NULL, "wb", stdout) will behave in
unexpected ways on conforming systems in situations such as:
{ appl file1; appl file2; } > file3
which will result in file3 containing only the output from the
second invocation of appl.
Обоснование (Rationale)
None.
Будущие направления (Future directions)
None.
Смотри также (See also)
Section 2.5, Standard I/O Streams, fclose(3p), fdopen(3p),
fflush(3p), fmemopen(3p), fopen(3p), mbsinit(3p), open(3p),
open_memstream(3p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, stdio.h(0p)
