Путеводитель по Руководству Linux

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   git-update-index    ( 1 )

зарегистрируйте содержимое файла в рабочем дереве в индекс (Register file contents in the working tree to the index)

SKIP-WORKTREE BIT

Skip-worktree bit can be defined in one (long) sentence: When
       reading an entry, if it is marked as skip-worktree, then Git
       pretends its working directory version is up to date and read the
       index version instead.

To elaborate, "reading" means checking for file existence, reading file attributes or file content. The working directory version may be present or absent. If present, its content may match against the index version or not. Writing is not affected by this bit, content safety is still first priority. Note that Git can update working directory file, that is marked skip-worktree, if it is safe to do so (i.e. working directory version matches index version)

Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is different from assume-unchanged bit's. Skip-worktree also takes precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set.