блокировка записи в файлах (record locking on files)
Пролог (Prolog)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
Имя (Name)
lockf — record locking on files
Синопсис (Synopsis)
#include <unistd.h>
int lockf(int fildes, int function, off_t size);
Описание (Description)
The lockf() function shall lock sections of a file with advisory-
mode locks. Calls to lockf() from threads in other processes
which attempt to lock the locked file section shall either return
an error value or block until the section becomes unlocked. All
the locks for a process are removed when the process terminates.
Record locking with lockf() shall be supported for regular files
and may be supported for other files.
The fildes argument is an open file descriptor. To establish a
lock with this function, the file descriptor shall be opened with
write-only permission (O_WRONLY) or with read/write permission
(O_RDWR).
The function argument is a control value which specifies the
action to be taken. The permissible values for function are
defined in <unistd.h> as follows:
┌─────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│Function │ Description │
├─────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│F_ULOCK │ Unlock locked sections. │
│F_LOCK │ Lock a section for exclusive use. │
│F_TLOCK │ Test and lock a section for exclusive use. │
│F_TEST │ Test a section for locks by other processes. │
└─────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────┘
F_TEST shall detect if a lock by another process is present on
the specified section.
F_LOCK and F_TLOCK shall both lock a section of a file if the
section is available.
F_ULOCK shall remove locks from a section of the file.
The size argument is the number of contiguous bytes to be locked
or unlocked. The section to be locked or unlocked starts at the
current offset in the file and extends forward for a positive
size or backward for a negative size (the preceding bytes up to
but not including the current offset). If size is 0, the section
from the current offset through the largest possible file offset
shall be locked (that is, from the current offset through the
present or any future end-of-file). An area need not be allocated
to the file to be locked because locks may exist past the end-of-
file.
The sections locked with F_LOCK or F_TLOCK may, in whole or in
part, contain or be contained by a previously locked section for
the same process. When this occurs, or if adjacent locked
sections would occur, the sections shall be combined into a
single locked section. If the request would cause the number of
locks to exceed a system-imposed limit, the request shall fail.
F_LOCK and F_TLOCK requests differ only by the action taken if
the section is not available. F_LOCK shall block the calling
thread until the section is available. F_TLOCK shall cause the
function to fail if the section is already locked by another
process.
File locks shall be released on first close by the locking
process of any file descriptor for the file.
F_ULOCK requests may release (wholly or in part) one or more
locked sections controlled by the process. Locked sections shall
be unlocked starting at the current file offset through size
bytes or to the end-of-file if size is (off_t)0. When all of a
locked section is not released (that is, when the beginning or
end of the area to be unlocked falls within a locked section),
the remaining portions of that section shall remain locked by the
process. Releasing the center portion of a locked section shall
cause the remaining locked beginning and end portions to become
two separate locked sections. If the request would cause the
number of locks in the system to exceed a system-imposed limit,
the request shall fail.
A potential for deadlock occurs if the threads of a process
controlling a locked section are blocked by accessing a locked
section of another process. If the system detects that deadlock
would occur, lockf() shall fail with an [EDEADLK] error.
The interaction between fcntl() and lockf() locks is unspecified.
Blocking on a section shall be interrupted by any signal.
An F_ULOCK request in which size is non-zero and the offset of
the last byte of the requested section is the maximum value for
an object of type off_t, when the process has an existing lock in
which size is 0 and which includes the last byte of the requested
section, shall be treated as a request to unlock from the start
of the requested section with a size equal to 0. Otherwise, an
F_ULOCK request shall attempt to unlock only the requested
section.
Attempting to lock a section of a file that is associated with a
buffered stream produces unspecified results.
Возвращаемое значение (Return value)
Upon successful completion, lockf() shall return 0. Otherwise, it
shall return -1, set errno to indicate an error, and existing
locks shall not be changed.
Ошибки (Error)
The lockf() function shall fail if:
EBADF The fildes argument is not a valid open file descriptor;
or function is F_LOCK or F_TLOCK and fildes is not a valid
file descriptor open for writing.
EACCES or EAGAIN
The function argument is F_TLOCK or F_TEST and the section
is already locked by another process.
EDEADLK
The function argument is F_LOCK and a deadlock is
detected.
EINTR A signal was caught during execution of the function.
EINVAL The function argument is not one of F_LOCK, F_TLOCK,
F_TEST, or F_ULOCK; or size plus the current file offset
is less than 0.
EOVERFLOW
The offset of the first, or if size is not 0 then the
last, byte in the requested section cannot be represented
correctly in an object of type off_t.
The lockf() function may fail if:
EAGAIN The function argument is F_LOCK or F_TLOCK and the file is
mapped with mmap().
EDEADLK or ENOLCK
The function argument is F_LOCK, F_TLOCK, or F_ULOCK, and
the request would cause the number of locks to exceed a
system-imposed limit.
EOPNOTSUPP or EINVAL
The implementation does not support the locking of files
of the type indicated by the fildes argument.
The following sections are informative.
Примеры (Examples)
Locking a Portion of a File
In the following example, a file named /home/cnd/mod1 is being
modified. Other processes that use locking are prevented from
changing it during this process. Only the first 10000 bytes are
locked, and the lock call fails if another process has any part
of this area locked already.
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int fildes;
int status;
...
fildes = open("/home/cnd/mod1", O_RDWR);
status = lockf(fildes, F_TLOCK, (off_t)10000);
Использование в приложениях (Application usage)
Record-locking should not be used in combination with the
fopen(), fread(), fwrite(), and other stdio functions. Instead,
the more primitive, non-buffered functions (such as open())
should be used. Unexpected results may occur in processes that do
buffering in the user address space. The process may later
read/write data which is/was locked. The stdio functions are the
most common source of unexpected buffering.
The alarm() function may be used to provide a timeout facility in
applications requiring it.
Обоснование (Rationale)
None.
Будущие направления (Future directions)
None.
Смотри также (See also)
alarm(3p), chmod(3p), close(3p), creat(3p), fcntl(3p), fopen(3p),
mmap(3p), open(3p), read(3p), write(3p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, unistd.h(0p)
