обзор иерархии файловой системы (File system hierarchy overview)
HOME DIRECTORY
User applications may want to place files and directories in the
user's home directory. They should follow the following basic
structure. Note that some of these directories are also
standardized (though more weakly) by the XDG Base Directory
Specificationxdg-user-dirs
~/.cache/
Persistent user cache data. User programs may place
non-essential data in this directory. Flushing this directory
should have no effect on operation of programs, except for
increased runtimes necessary to rebuild these caches. If an
application finds $XDG_CACHE_HOME set, it should use the
directory specified in it instead of this directory.
~/.config/
Application configuration and state. When a new user is
created, this directory will be empty or not exist at all.
Applications should fall back to defaults should their
configuration or state in this directory be missing. If an
application finds $XDG_CONFIG_HOME set, it should use the
directory specified in it instead of this directory.
~/.local/bin/
Executables that shall appear in the user's $PATH search
path. It is recommended not to place executables in this
directory that are not useful for invocation from a shell;
these should be placed in a subdirectory of ~/.local/lib/
instead. Care should be taken when placing
architecture-dependent binaries in this place, which might be
problematic if the home directory is shared between multiple
hosts with different architectures.
~/.local/lib/
Static, private vendor data that is compatible with all
architectures.
~/.local/lib/arch-id/
Location for placing public dynamic libraries. The
architecture identifier to use is defined on Multiarch
Architecture Specifiers (Tuples)
~/.local/share/
Resources shared between multiple packages, such as fonts or
artwork. Usually, the precise location and format of files
stored below this directory is subject to specifications that
ensure interoperability. If an application finds
$XDG_DATA_HOME set, it should use the directory specified in
it instead of this directory.
