целые типы (integer types)
Описание (Description)
Some of the functionality described on this reference page
extends the ISO C standard. Applications shall define the
appropriate feature test macro (see the System Interfaces volume
of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 2.2, The Compilation Environment) to
enable the visibility of these symbols in this header.
The <stdint.h> header shall declare sets of integer types having
specified widths, and shall define corresponding sets of macros.
It shall also define macros that specify limits of integer types
corresponding to types defined in other standard headers.
Note: The ``width'' of an integer type is the number of bits
used to store its value in a pure binary system; the
actual type may use more bits than that (for example, a
28-bit type could be stored in 32 bits of actual storage).
An N-bit signed type has values in the range -2N-1 or
1-2N-1 to 2N-1-1, while an N-bit unsigned type has values
in the range 0 to 2N-1.
Types are defined in the following categories:
* Integer types having certain exact widths
* Integer types having at least certain specified widths
* Fastest integer types having at least certain specified
widths
* Integer types wide enough to hold pointers to objects
* Integer types having greatest width
(Some of these types may denote the same type.)
Corresponding macros specify limits of the declared types and
construct suitable constants.
For each type described herein that the implementation provides,
the <stdint.h> header shall declare that typedef name and define
the associated macros. Conversely, for each type described herein
that the implementation does not provide, the <stdint.h> header
shall not declare that typedef name, nor shall it define the
associated macros. An implementation shall provide those types
described as required, but need not provide any of the others
(described as optional).
Integer Types
When typedef names differing only in the absence or presence of
the initial u are defined, they shall denote corresponding signed
and unsigned types as described in the ISO/IEC 9899:1999
standard, Section 6.2.5; an implementation providing one of these
corresponding types shall also provide the other.
In the following descriptions, the symbol N represents an
unsigned decimal integer with no leading zeros (for example, 8 or
24, but not 04 or 048).
* Exact-width integer types
The typedef name intN_t designates a signed integer type with
width N, no padding bits, and a two's-complement
representation. Thus, int8_t denotes a signed integer type
with a width of exactly 8 bits.
The typedef name uintN_t designates an unsigned integer type
with width N. Thus, uint24_t denotes an unsigned integer
type with a width of exactly 24 bits.
The following types are required:
int8_t
int16_t
int32_t
uint8_t
uint16_t
uint32_t
If an implementation provides integer types with width 64
that meet these requirements, then the following types are
required: int64_t uint64_t
In particular, this will be the case if any of the following
are true:
-- The implementation supports the _POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG
programming environment and the application is being
built in the _POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG programming
environment (see the Shell and Utilities volume of
POSIX.1‐2017, c99, Programming Environments).
-- The implementation supports the _POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64
programming environment and the application is being
built in the _POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64 programming
environment.
-- The implementation supports the _POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG
programming environment and the application is being
built in the _POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG programming
environment.
All other types of this form are optional.
* Minimum-width integer types
The typedef name int_leastN_t designates a signed integer
type with a width of at least N, such that no signed integer
type with lesser size has at least the specified width. Thus,
int_least32_t denotes a signed integer type with a width of
at least 32 bits.
The typedef name uint_leastN_t designates an unsigned integer
type with a width of at least N, such that no unsigned
integer type with lesser size has at least the specified
width. Thus, uint_least16_t denotes an unsigned integer type
with a width of at least 16 bits.
The following types are required: int_least8_t int_least16_t
int_least32_t int_least64_t uint_least8_t uint_least16_t
uint_least32_t uint_least64_t
All other types of this form are optional.
* Fastest minimum-width integer types
Each of the following types designates an integer type that
is usually fastest to operate with among all integer types
that have at least the specified width.
The designated type is not guaranteed to be fastest for all
purposes; if the implementation has no clear grounds for
choosing one type over another, it will simply pick some
integer type satisfying the signedness and width
requirements.
The typedef name int_fastN_t designates the fastest signed
integer type with a width of at least N. The typedef name
uint_fastN_t designates the fastest unsigned integer type
with a width of at least N.
The following types are required: int_fast8_t int_fast16_t
int_fast32_t int_fast64_t uint_fast8_t uint_fast16_t
uint_fast32_t uint_fast64_t
All other types of this form are optional.
* Integer types capable of holding object pointers
The following type designates a signed integer type with the
property that any valid pointer to void can be converted to
this type, then converted back to a pointer to void, and the
result will compare equal to the original pointer: intptr_t
The following type designates an unsigned integer type with
the property that any valid pointer to void can be converted
to this type, then converted back to a pointer to void, and
the result will compare equal to the original pointer:
uintptr_t
On XSI-conformant systems, the intptr_t and uintptr_t types
are required; otherwise, they are optional.
* Greatest-width integer types
The following type designates a signed integer type capable
of representing any value of any signed integer type:
intmax_t
The following type designates an unsigned integer type
capable of representing any value of any unsigned integer
type: uintmax_t
These types are required.
Note:
Applications can test for optional types by using the
corresponding limit macro from Limits of Specified-Width
Integer Types.
Limits of Specified-Width Integer Types
The following macros specify the minimum and maximum limits of
the types declared in the <stdint.h> header. Each macro name
corresponds to a similar type name in Integer Types.
Each instance of any defined macro shall be replaced by a
constant expression suitable for use in #if preprocessing
directives, and this expression shall have the same type as would
an expression that is an object of the corresponding type
converted according to the integer promotions. Its
implementation-defined value shall be equal to or greater in
magnitude (absolute value) than the corresponding value given
below, with the same sign, except where stated to be exactly the
given value.
* Limits of exact-width integer types
-- Minimum values of exact-width signed integer types:
{INTN_MIN} Exactly -(2^N-1)
-- Maximum values of exact-width signed integer types:
{INTN_MAX} Exactly 2^N-1 -1
-- Maximum values of exact-width unsigned integer types:
{UINTN_MAX} Exactly 2^N -1
* Limits of minimum-width integer types
-- Minimum values of minimum-width signed integer types:
{INT_LEASTN_MIN}
-(2^N-1 -1)
-- Maximum values of minimum-width signed integer types:
{INT_LEASTN_MAX}
2^N-1 -1
-- Maximum values of minimum-width unsigned integer types:
{UINT_LEASTN_MAX}
2^N -1
* Limits of fastest minimum-width integer types
-- Minimum values of fastest minimum-width signed integer
types:
{INT_FASTN_MIN} -(2^N-1 -1)
-- Maximum values of fastest minimum-width signed integer
types:
{INT_FASTN_MAX} 2^N-1 -1
-- Maximum values of fastest minimum-width unsigned integer
types:
{UINT_FASTN_MAX}
2^N -1
* Limits of integer types capable of holding object pointers
-- Minimum value of pointer-holding signed integer type:
{INTPTR_MIN} -(2^15 -1)
-- Maximum value of pointer-holding signed integer type:
{INTPTR_MAX} 2^15 -1
-- Maximum value of pointer-holding unsigned integer type:
{UINTPTR_MAX} 2^16 -1
* Limits of greatest-width integer types
-- Minimum value of greatest-width signed integer type:
{INTMAX_MIN} -(2^63 -1)
-- Maximum value of greatest-width signed integer type:
{INTMAX_MAX} 2^63 -1
-- Maximum value of greatest-width unsigned integer type:
{UINTMAX_MAX} 2^64 -1
Limits of Other Integer Types
The following macros specify the minimum and maximum limits of
integer types corresponding to types defined in other standard
headers.
Each instance of these macros shall be replaced by a constant
expression suitable for use in #if preprocessing directives, and
this expression shall have the same type as would an expression
that is an object of the corresponding type converted according
to the integer promotions. Its implementation-defined value shall
be equal to or greater in magnitude (absolute value) than the
corresponding value given below, with the same sign.
* Limits of ptrdiff_t:
{PTRDIFF_MIN} -65535
{PTRDIFF_MAX} +65535
* Limits of sig_atomic_t:
{SIG_ATOMIC_MIN}
See below.
{SIG_ATOMIC_MAX}
See below.
* Limit of size_t:
{SIZE_MAX} 65535
* Limits of wchar_t:
{WCHAR_MIN} See below.
{WCHAR_MAX} See below.
* Limits of wint_t:
{WINT_MIN} See below.
{WINT_MAX} See below.
If sig_atomic_t (see the <signal.h> header) is defined as a
signed integer type, the value of {SIG_ATOMIC_MIN} shall be no
greater than -127 and the value of {SIG_ATOMIC_MAX} shall be no
less than 127; otherwise, sig_atomic_t shall be defined as an
unsigned integer type, and the value of {SIG_ATOMIC_MIN} shall be
0 and the value of {SIG_ATOMIC_MAX} shall be no less than 255.
If wchar_t (see the <stddef.h> header) is defined as a signed
integer type, the value of {WCHAR_MIN} shall be no greater than
-127 and the value of {WCHAR_MAX} shall be no less than 127;
otherwise, wchar_t shall be defined as an unsigned integer type,
and the value of {WCHAR_MIN} shall be 0 and the value of
{WCHAR_MAX} shall be no less than 255.
If wint_t (see the <wchar.h> header) is defined as a signed
integer type, the value of {WINT_MIN} shall be no greater than
-32767 and the value of {WINT_MAX} shall be no less than 32767;
otherwise, wint_t shall be defined as an unsigned integer type,
and the value of {WINT_MIN} shall be 0 and the value of
{WINT_MAX} shall be no less than 65535.
Macros for Integer Constant Expressions
The following macros expand to integer constant expressions
suitable for initializing objects that have integer types
corresponding to types defined in the <stdint.h> header. Each
macro name corresponds to a similar type name listed under
Minimum-width integer types and Greatest-width integer types.
Each invocation of one of these macros shall expand to an integer
constant expression suitable for use in #if preprocessing
directives. The type of the expression shall have the same type
as would an expression that is an object of the corresponding
type converted according to the integer promotions. The value of
the expression shall be that of the argument.
The argument in any instance of these macros shall be an
unsuffixed integer constant with a value that does not exceed the
limits for the corresponding type.
* Macros for minimum-width integer constant expressions
The macro INTN_C(value) shall expand to an integer constant
expression corresponding to the type int_leastN_t. The macro
UINTN_C(value) shall expand to an integer constant expression
corresponding to the type uint_leastN_t. For example, if
uint_least64_t is a name for the type unsigned long long,
then UINT64_C(0x123) might expand to the integer constant
0x123ULL.
* Macros for greatest-width integer constant expressions
The following macro expands to an integer constant expression
having the value specified by its argument and the type
intmax_t: INTMAX_C(value)
The following macro expands to an integer constant expression
having the value specified by its argument and the type
uintmax_t: UINTMAX_C(value)
The following sections are informative.
