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   systemd-nspawn    ( 1 )

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Примеры (Examples)

Example 1. Download a Fedora image and start a shell in it

           # machinectl pull-raw --verify=no \
                 https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/34/Cloud/x86_64/images/Fedora-Cloud-Base-34-1.2.x86_64.raw.xz \
                 Fedora-Cloud-Base-34-1.2.x86-64
           # systemd-nspawn -M Fedora-Cloud-Base-34-1.2.x86-64

       This downloads an image using machinectl(1) and opens a shell in
       it.

       Example 2. Build and boot a minimal Fedora distribution in a
       container

           # dnf -y --releasever=34 --installroot=/var/lib/machines/f34 \
                 --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo=fedora --enablerepo=updates install \
                 systemd passwd dnf fedora-release vim-minimal glibc-minimal-langpack
           # systemd-nspawn -bD /var/lib/machines/f34

       This installs a minimal Fedora distribution into the directory
       /var/lib/machines/f34 and then boots that OS in a namespace
       container. Because the installation is located underneath the
       standard /var/lib/machines/ directory, it is also possible to
       start the machine using systemd-nspawn -M f34.

       Example 3. Spawn a shell in a container of a minimal Debian
       unstable distribution

           # debootstrap unstable ~/debian-tree/
           # systemd-nspawn -D ~/debian-tree/

       This installs a minimal Debian unstable distribution into the
       directory ~/debian-tree/ and then spawns a shell from this image
       in a namespace container.

       debootstrap supports Debian[7], Ubuntu[8], and Tanglu[9] out of
       the box, so the same command can be used to install any of those.
       For other distributions from the Debian family, a mirror has to
       be specified, see debootstrap(8).

       Example 4. Boot a minimal Arch Linux distribution in a container

           # pacstrap -c ~/arch-tree/ base
           # systemd-nspawn -bD ~/arch-tree/

       This installs a minimal Arch Linux distribution into the
       directory ~/arch-tree/ and then boots an OS in a namespace
       container in it.

       Example 5. Install the OpenSUSE Tumbleweed rolling distribution

           # zypper --root=/var/lib/machines/tumbleweed ar -c \
                 https://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/repo/oss tumbleweed
           # zypper --root=/var/lib/machines/tumbleweed refresh
           # zypper --root=/var/lib/machines/tumbleweed install --no-recommends \
                 systemd shadow zypper openSUSE-release vim
           # systemd-nspawn -M tumbleweed passwd root
           # systemd-nspawn -M tumbleweed -b

       Example 6. Boot into an ephemeral snapshot of the host system

           # systemd-nspawn -D / -xb

       This runs a copy of the host system in a snapshot which is
       removed immediately when the container exits. All file system
       changes made during runtime will be lost on shutdown, hence.

       Example 7. Run a container with SELinux sandbox security contexts

           # chcon system_u:object_r:svirt_sandbox_file_t:s0:c0,c1 -R /srv/container
           # systemd-nspawn -L system_u:object_r:svirt_sandbox_file_t:s0:c0,c1 \
                 -Z system_u:system_r:svirt_lxc_net_t:s0:c0,c1 -D /srv/container /bin/sh

       Example 8. Run a container with an OSTree deployment

           # systemd-nspawn -b -i ~/image.raw \
                 --pivot-root=/ostree/deploy/$OS/deploy/$CHECKSUM:/sysroot \
                 --bind=+/sysroot/ostree/deploy/$OS/var:/var