Путеводитель по Руководству Linux
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   recvmsg    ( 2 )

получить сообщение от сокета (receive a message from a socket)
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Примечание (Note)

If a zero-length datagram is pending, read(2) and recv() with a flags argument of zero provide different behavior. In this circumstance, read(2) has no effect (the datagram remains pending), while recv() consumes the pending datagram.

The socklen_t type was invented by POSIX. See also accept(2).

According to POSIX.1, the msg_controllen field of the msghdr structure should be typed as socklen_t, and the msg_iovlen field should be typed as int, but glibc currently types both as size_t.

See recvmmsg(2) for information about a Linux-specific system call that can be used to receive multiple datagrams in a single call.