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   setrlimit    ( 2 )

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Описание (Description)

The getrlimit() and setrlimit() system calls get and set resource limits. Each resource has an associated soft and hard limit, as defined by the rlimit structure:

struct rlimit { rlim_t rlim_cur; /* Soft limit */ rlim_t rlim_max; /* Hard limit (ceiling for rlim_cur) */ };

The soft limit is the value that the kernel enforces for the corresponding resource. The hard limit acts as a ceiling for the soft limit: an unprivileged process may set only its soft limit to a value in the range from 0 up to the hard limit, and (irreversibly) lower its hard limit. A privileged process (under Linux: one with the CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability in the initial user namespace) may make arbitrary changes to either limit value.

The value RLIM_INFINITY denotes no limit on a resource (both in the structure returned by getrlimit() and in the structure passed to setrlimit()).

The resource argument must be one of:

RLIMIT_AS This is the maximum size of the process's virtual memory (address space). The limit is specified in bytes, and is rounded down to the system page size. This limit affects calls to brk(2), mmap(2), and mremap(2), which fail with the error ENOMEM upon exceeding this limit. In addition, automatic stack expansion fails (and generates a SIGSEGV that kills the process if no alternate stack has been made available via sigaltstack(2)). Since the value is a long, on machines with a 32-bit long either this limit is at most 2 GiB, or this resource is unlimited.

RLIMIT_CORE This is the maximum size of a core file (see core(5)) in bytes that the process may dump. When 0 no core dump files are created. When nonzero, larger dumps are truncated to this size.

RLIMIT_CPU This is a limit, in seconds, on the amount of CPU time that the process can consume. When the process reaches the soft limit, it is sent a SIGXCPU signal. The default action for this signal is to terminate the process. However, the signal can be caught, and the handler can return control to the main program. If the process continues to consume CPU time, it will be sent SIGXCPU once per second until the hard limit is reached, at which time it is sent SIGKILL. (This latter point describes Linux behavior. Implementations vary in how they treat processes which continue to consume CPU time after reaching the soft limit. Portable applications that need to catch this signal should perform an orderly termination upon first receipt of SIGXCPU.)

RLIMIT_DATA This is the maximum size of the process's data segment (initialized data, uninitialized data, and heap). The limit is specified in bytes, and is rounded down to the system page size. This limit affects calls to brk(2), sbrk(2), and (since Linux 4.7) mmap(2), which fail with the error ENOMEM upon encountering the soft limit of this resource.

RLIMIT_FSIZE This is the maximum size in bytes of files that the process may create. Attempts to extend a file beyond this limit result in delivery of a SIGXFSZ signal. By default, this signal terminates a process, but a process can catch this signal instead, in which case the relevant system call (e.g., write(2), truncate(2)) fails with the error EFBIG.

RLIMIT_LOCKS (Linux 2.4.0 to 2.4.24) This is a limit on the combined number of flock(2) locks and fcntl(2) leases that this process may establish.

RLIMIT_MEMLOCK This is the maximum number of bytes of memory that may be locked into RAM. This limit is in effect rounded down to the nearest multiple of the system page size. This limit affects mlock(2), mlockall(2), and the mmap(2) MAP_LOCKED operation. Since Linux 2.6.9, it also affects the shmctl(2) SHM_LOCK operation, where it sets a maximum on the total bytes in shared memory segments (see shmget(2)) that may be locked by the real user ID of the calling process. The shmctl(2) SHM_LOCK locks are accounted for separately from the per-process memory locks established by mlock(2), mlockall(2), and mmap(2) MAP_LOCKED; a process can lock bytes up to this limit in each of these two categories.

In Linux kernels before 2.6.9, this limit controlled the amount of memory that could be locked by a privileged process. Since Linux 2.6.9, no limits are placed on the amount of memory that a privileged process may lock, and this limit instead governs the amount of memory that an unprivileged process may lock.

RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE (since Linux 2.6.8) This is a limit on the number of bytes that can be allocated for POSIX message queues for the real user ID of the calling process. This limit is enforced for mq_open(3). Each message queue that the user creates counts (until it is removed) against this limit according to the formula:

Since Linux 3.5:

bytes = attr.mq_maxmsg * sizeof(struct msg_msg) + min(attr.mq_maxmsg, MQ_PRIO_MAX) * sizeof(struct posix_msg_tree_node)+ /* For overhead */ attr.mq_maxmsg * attr.mq_msgsize; /* For message data */

Linux 3.4 and earlier:

bytes = attr.mq_maxmsg * sizeof(struct msg_msg *) + /* For overhead */ attr.mq_maxmsg * attr.mq_msgsize; /* For message data */

where attr is the mq_attr structure specified as the fourth argument to mq_open(3), and the msg_msg and posix_msg_tree_node structures are kernel-internal structures.

The "overhead" addend in the formula accounts for overhead bytes required by the implementation and ensures that the user cannot create an unlimited number of zero-length messages (such messages nevertheless each consume some system memory for bookkeeping overhead).

RLIMIT_NICE (since Linux 2.6.12, but see BUGS below) This specifies a ceiling to which the process's nice value can be raised using setpriority(2) or nice(2). The actual ceiling for the nice value is calculated as 20 - rlim_cur. The useful range for this limit is thus from 1 (corresponding to a nice value of 19) to 40 (corresponding to a nice value of -20). This unusual choice of range was necessary because negative numbers cannot be specified as resource limit values, since they typically have special meanings. For example, RLIM_INFINITY typically is the same as -1. For more detail on the nice value, see sched(7).

RLIMIT_NOFILE This specifies a value one greater than the maximum file descriptor number that can be opened by this process. Attempts (open(2), pipe(2), dup(2), etc.) to exceed this limit yield the error EMFILE. (Historically, this limit was named RLIMIT_OFILE on BSD.)

Since Linux 4.5, this limit also defines the maximum number of file descriptors that an unprivileged process (one without the CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability) may have "in flight" to other processes, by being passed across UNIX domain sockets. This limit applies to the sendmsg(2) system call. For further details, see unix(7).

RLIMIT_NPROC This is a limit on the number of extant process (or, more precisely on Linux, threads) for the real user ID of the calling process. So long as the current number of processes belonging to this process's real user ID is greater than or equal to this limit, fork(2) fails with the error EAGAIN.

The RLIMIT_NPROC limit is not enforced for processes that have either the CAP_SYS_ADMIN or the CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability.

RLIMIT_RSS This is a limit (in bytes) on the process's resident set (the number of virtual pages resident in RAM). This limit has effect only in Linux 2.4.x, x < 30, and there affects only calls to madvise(2) specifying MADV_WILLNEED.

RLIMIT_RTPRIO (since Linux 2.6.12, but see BUGS) This specifies a ceiling on the real-time priority that may be set for this process using sched_setscheduler(2) and sched_setparam(2).

For further details on real-time scheduling policies, see sched(7)

RLIMIT_RTTIME (since Linux 2.6.25) This is a limit (in microseconds) on the amount of CPU time that a process scheduled under a real-time scheduling policy may consume without making a blocking system call. For the purpose of this limit, each time a process makes a blocking system call, the count of its consumed CPU time is reset to zero. The CPU time count is not reset if the process continues trying to use the CPU but is preempted, its time slice expires, or it calls sched_yield(2).

Upon reaching the soft limit, the process is sent a SIGXCPU signal. If the process catches or ignores this signal and continues consuming CPU time, then SIGXCPU will be generated once each second until the hard limit is reached, at which point the process is sent a SIGKILL signal.

The intended use of this limit is to stop a runaway real- time process from locking up the system.

For further details on real-time scheduling policies, see sched(7)

RLIMIT_SIGPENDING (since Linux 2.6.8) This is a limit on the number of signals that may be queued for the real user ID of the calling process. Both standard and real-time signals are counted for the purpose of checking this limit. However, the limit is enforced only for sigqueue(3); it is always possible to use kill(2) to queue one instance of any of the signals that are not already queued to the process.

RLIMIT_STACK This is the maximum size of the process stack, in bytes. Upon reaching this limit, a SIGSEGV signal is generated. To handle this signal, a process must employ an alternate signal stack (sigaltstack(2)).

Since Linux 2.6.23, this limit also determines the amount of space used for the process's command-line arguments and environment variables; for details, see execve(2).

prlimit() The Linux-specific prlimit() system call combines and extends the functionality of setrlimit() and getrlimit(). It can be used to both set and get the resource limits of an arbitrary process.

The resource argument has the same meaning as for setrlimit() and getrlimit().

If the new_limit argument is a not NULL, then the rlimit structure to which it points is used to set new values for the soft and hard limits for resource. If the old_limit argument is a not NULL, then a successful call to prlimit() places the previous soft and hard limits for resource in the rlimit structure pointed to by old_limit.

The pid argument specifies the ID of the process on which the call is to operate. If pid is 0, then the call applies to the calling process. To set or get the resources of a process other than itself, the caller must have the CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability in the user namespace of the process whose resource limits are being changed, or the real, effective, and saved set user IDs of the target process must match the real user ID of the caller and the real, effective, and saved set group IDs of the target process must match the real group ID of the caller.