Путеводитель по Руководству Linux

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   file    ( 1 )

определить тип файла (determine file type)

Безопасность (Security)

On systems where libseccomp (https://github.com/seccomp/libseccomp ) is available, file is enforces limiting system calls to only the ones necessary for the operation of the program. This enforcement does not provide any security benefit when file is asked to decompress input files running external programs with the -z option. To enable execution of external decompressors, one needs to disable sandboxing using the -S option.