соответствует строке имени файла или имени пути (match a filename string or a pathname)
Пролог (Prolog)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
Имя (Name)
fnmatch — match a filename string or a pathname
Синопсис (Synopsis)
#include <fnmatch.h>
int fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
Описание (Description)
The fnmatch() function shall match patterns as described in the
Shell and Utilities volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 2.13.1,
Patterns Matching a Single Character and Section 2.13.2, Patterns
Matching Multiple Characters. It checks the string specified by
the string argument to see if it matches the pattern specified by
the pattern argument.
The flags argument shall modify the interpretation of pattern and
string. It is the bitwise-inclusive OR of zero or more of the
flags defined in <fnmatch.h>. If the FNM_PATHNAME flag is set in
flags, then a <slash> character ('/') in string shall be
explicitly matched by a <slash> in pattern; it shall not be
matched by either the <asterisk> or <question-mark> special
characters, nor by a bracket expression. If the FNM_PATHNAME flag
is not set, the <slash> character shall be treated as an ordinary
character.
If FNM_NOESCAPE is not set in flags, a <backslash> character in
pattern followed by any other character shall match that second
character in string. In particular, "\\" shall match a
<backslash> in string. If pattern ends with an unescaped
<backslash>, fnmatch() shall return a non-zero value (indicating
either no match or an error). If FNM_NOESCAPE is set, a
<backslash> character shall be treated as an ordinary character.
If FNM_PERIOD is set in flags, then a leading <period> ('.') in
string shall match a <period> in pattern; as described by rule 2
in the Shell and Utilities volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section
2.13.3, Patterns Used for Filename Expansion where the location
of ``leading'' is indicated by the value of FNM_PATHNAME:
* If FNM_PATHNAME is set, a <period> is ``leading'' if it is
the first character in string or if it immediately follows a
<slash>.
* If FNM_PATHNAME is not set, a <period> is ``leading'' only if
it is the first character of string.
If FNM_PERIOD is not set, then no special restrictions are placed
on matching a period.
Возвращаемое значение (Return value)
If string matches the pattern specified by pattern, then
fnmatch() shall return 0. If there is no match, fnmatch() shall
return FNM_NOMATCH, which is defined in <fnmatch.h>. If an error
occurs, fnmatch() shall return another non-zero value.
Ошибки (Error)
No errors are defined.
The following sections are informative.
Примеры (Examples)
None.
Использование в приложениях (Application usage)
The fnmatch() function has two major uses. It could be used by an
application or utility that needs to read a directory and apply a
pattern against each entry. The find utility is an example of
this. It can also be used by the pax utility to process its
pattern operands, or by applications that need to match strings
in a similar manner.
The name fnmatch() is intended to imply filename match, rather
than pathname match. The default action of this function is to
match filename strings, rather than pathnames, since it gives no
special significance to the <slash> character. With the
FNM_PATHNAME flag, fnmatch() does match pathnames, but without
tilde expansion, parameter expansion, or special treatment for a
<period> at the beginning of a filename.
Обоснование (Rationale)
This function replaced the REG_FILENAME flag of regcomp() in
early proposals of this volume of POSIX.1‐2017. It provides
virtually the same functionality as the regcomp() and regexec()
functions using the REG_FILENAME and REG_FSLASH flags (the
REG_FSLASH flag was proposed for regcomp(), and would have had
the opposite effect from FNM_PATHNAME), but with a simpler
function and less system overhead.
Будущие направления (Future directions)
None.
Смотри также (See also)
glob(3p), Section 2.6, Word Expansions
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, fnmatch.h(0p)
