---

   git-rev-parse    ( 1 )

---

REVISION RANGE SUMMARY

<rev> Include commits that are reachable from <rev> (i.e. <rev> and its ancestors).

^<rev> Exclude commits that are reachable from <rev> (i.e. <rev> and its ancestors).

<rev1>..<rev2> Include commits that are reachable from <rev2> but exclude those that are reachable from <rev1>. When either <rev1> or <rev2> is omitted, it defaults to HEAD.

<rev1>...<rev2> Include commits that are reachable from either <rev1> or <rev2> but exclude those that are reachable from both. When either <rev1> or <rev2> is omitted, it defaults to HEAD.

<rev>^@, e.g. HEAD^@ A suffix ^ followed by an at sign is the same as listing all parents of <rev> (meaning, include anything reachable from its parents, but not the commit itself).

<rev>^!, e.g. HEAD^! A suffix ^ followed by an exclamation mark is the same as giving commit <rev> and then all its parents prefixed with ^ to exclude them (and their ancestors).

<rev>^-<n>, e.g. HEAD^-, HEAD^-2 Equivalent to <rev>^<n>..<rev>, with <n> = 1 if not given.

Here are a handful of examples using the Loeliger illustration above, with each step in the notation's expansion and selection carefully spelt out:

Args Expanded arguments Selected commits D G H D D F G H I J D F ^G D H D ^D B E I J F B ^D B C E I J F B C C I J F C B..C = ^B C C B...C = B ^F C G H D E B C B^- = B^..B = ^B^1 B E I J F B C^@ = C^1 = F I J F B^@ = B^1 B^2 B^3 = D E F D G H E F I J C^! = C ^C^@ = C ^C^1 = C ^F C B^! = B ^B^@ = B ^B^1 ^B^2 ^B^3 = B ^D ^E ^F B F^! D = F ^I ^J D G H D F