показывать различные типы объектов (Show various types of objects)
Красивые форматы (Pretty formats)
If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format is not
oneline, email or raw, an additional line is inserted before the
Author: line. This line begins with "Merge: " and the hashes of
ancestral commits are printed, separated by spaces. Note that the
listed commits may not necessarily be the list of the direct
parent commits if you have limited your view of history: for
example, if you are only interested in changes related to a
certain directory or file.
There are several built-in formats, and you can define additional
formats by setting a pretty.<name> config option to either
another format name, or a format: string, as described below (see
git-config(1)). Here are the details of the built-in formats:
• oneline
<hash> <title line>
This is designed to be as compact as possible.
• short
commit <hash>
Author: <author>
<title line>
• medium
commit <hash>
Author: <author>
Date: <author date>
<title line>
<full commit message>
• full
commit <hash>
Author: <author>
Commit: <committer>
<title line>
<full commit message>
• fuller
commit <hash>
Author: <author>
AuthorDate: <author date>
Commit: <committer>
CommitDate: <committer date>
<title line>
<full commit message>
• reference
<abbrev hash> (<title line>, <short author date>)
This format is used to refer to another commit in a commit
message and is the same as --pretty='format:%C(auto)%h (%s,
%ad)'. By default, the date is formatted with --date=short
unless another --date option is explicitly specified. As with
any format: with format placeholders, its output is not
affected by other options like --decorate and --walk-reflogs.
• email
From <hash> <date>
From: <author>
Date: <author date>
Subject: [PATCH] <title line>
<full commit message>
• mboxrd
Like email, but lines in the commit message starting with
"From " (preceded by zero or more ">") are quoted with ">" so
they aren't confused as starting a new commit.
• raw
The raw format shows the entire commit exactly as stored in
the commit object. Notably, the hashes are displayed in full,
regardless of whether --abbrev or --no-abbrev are used, and
parents information show the true parent commits, without
taking grafts or history simplification into account. Note
that this format affects the way commits are displayed, but
not the way the diff is shown e.g. with git log --raw. To get
full object names in a raw diff format, use --no-abbrev.
• format:<string>
The format:<string> format allows you to specify which
information you want to show. It works a little bit like
printf format, with the notable exception that you get a
newline with %n instead of \n.
E.g, format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was
>>%s<<%n" would show something like this:
The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<
The placeholders are:
• Placeholders that expand to a single literal character:
%n
newline
%%
a raw %
%x00
print a byte from a hex code
• Placeholders that affect formatting of later
placeholders:
%Cred
switch color to red
%Cgreen
switch color to green
%Cblue
switch color to blue
%Creset
reset color
%C(...)
color specification, as described under Values in the
"CONFIGURATION FILE" section of git-config(1). By
default, colors are shown only when enabled for log
output (by color.diff, color.ui, or --color, and
respecting the auto settings of the former if we are
going to a terminal). %C(auto,...) is accepted as a
historical synonym for the default (e.g.,
%C(auto,red)). Specifying %C(always,...) will show
the colors even when color is not otherwise enabled
(though consider just using --color=always to enable
color for the whole output, including this format and
anything else git might color). auto alone (i.e.
%C(auto)) will turn on auto coloring on the next
placeholders until the color is switched again.
%m
left (<), right (>) or boundary (-) mark
%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])
switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
git-shortlog(1).
%<(<N>[,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])
make the next placeholder take at least N columns,
padding spaces on the right if necessary. Optionally
truncate at the beginning (ltrunc), the middle
(mtrunc) or the end (trunc) if the output is longer
than N columns. Note that truncating only works
correctly with N >= 2.
%<|(<N>)
make the next placeholder take at least until Nth
columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary
%>(<N>), %>|(<N>)
similar to %<(<N>), %<|(<N>) respectively, but
padding spaces on the left
%>>(<N>), %>>|(<N>)
similar to %>(<N>), %>|(<N>) respectively, except
that if the next placeholder takes more spaces than
given and there are spaces on its left, use those
spaces
%><(<N>), %><|(<N>)
similar to %<(<N>), %<|(<N>) respectively, but
padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)
• Placeholders that expand to information extracted from
the commit:
%H
commit hash
%h
abbreviated commit hash
%T
tree hash
%t
abbreviated tree hash
%P
parent hashes
%p
abbreviated parent hashes
%an
author name
%aN
author name (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog(1)
or git-blame(1))
%ae
author email
%aE
author email (respecting .mailmap, see
git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%al
author email local-part (the part before the @ sign)
%aL
author local-part (see %al) respecting .mailmap, see
git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%ad
author date (format respects --date= option)
%aD
author date, RFC2822 style
%ar
author date, relative
%at
author date, UNIX timestamp
%ai
author date, ISO 8601-like format
%aI
author date, strict ISO 8601 format
%as
author date, short format (YYYY-MM-DD)
%ah
author date, human style (like the --date=human
option of git-rev-list(1))
%cn
committer name
%cN
committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%ce
committer email
%cE
committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%cl
committer email local-part (the part before the @
sign)
%cL
committer local-part (see %cl) respecting .mailmap,
see git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%cd
committer date (format respects --date= option)
%cD
committer date, RFC2822 style
%cr
committer date, relative
%ct
committer date, UNIX timestamp
%ci
committer date, ISO 8601-like format
%cI
committer date, strict ISO 8601 format
%cs
committer date, short format (YYYY-MM-DD)
%ch
committer date, human style (like the --date=human
option of git-rev-list(1))
%d
ref names, like the --decorate option of git-log(1)
%D
ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.
%(describe[:options])
human-readable name, like git-describe(1); empty
string for undescribable commits. The describe string
may be followed by a colon and zero or more
comma-separated options. Descriptions can be
inconsistent when tags are added or removed at the
same time.
• match=<pattern>: Only consider tags matching the
given glob(7) pattern, excluding the "refs/tags/"
prefix.
• exclude=<pattern>: Do not consider tags matching
the given glob(7) pattern, excluding the
"refs/tags/" prefix.
%S
ref name given on the command line by which the
commit was reached (like git log --source), only
works with git log
%e
encoding
%s
subject
%f
sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
%b
body
%B
raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
%N
commit notes
%GG
raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
%G?
show "G" for a good (valid) signature, "B" for a bad
signature, "U" for a good signature with unknown
validity, "X" for a good signature that has expired,
"Y" for a good signature made by an expired key, "R"
for a good signature made by a revoked key, "E" if
the signature cannot be checked (e.g. missing key)
and "N" for no signature
%GS
show the name of the signer for a signed commit
%GK
show the key used to sign a signed commit
%GF
show the fingerprint of the key used to sign a signed
commit
%GP
show the fingerprint of the primary key whose subkey
was used to sign a signed commit
%GT
show the trust level for the key used to sign a
signed commit
%gD
reflog selector, e.g., refs/stash@{1} or
refs/stash@{2 minutes ago}; the format follows the
rules described for the -g option. The portion before
the @ is the refname as given on the command line (so
git log -g refs/heads/master would yield
refs/heads/master@{0}).
%gd
shortened reflog selector; same as %gD, but the
refname portion is shortened for human readability
(so refs/heads/master becomes just master).
%gn
reflog identity name
%gN
reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%ge
reflog identity email
%gE
reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%gs
reflog subject
%(trailers[:options])
display the trailers of the body as interpreted by
git-interpret-trailers(1). The trailers string may be
followed by a colon and zero or more comma-separated
options. If any option is provided multiple times the
last occurrence wins.
The boolean options accept an optional value
[=<BOOL>]. The values true, false, on, off etc. are
all accepted. See the "boolean" sub-section in
"EXAMPLES" in git-config(1). If a boolean option is
given with no value, it's enabled.
• key=<K>: only show trailers with specified key.
Matching is done case-insensitively and trailing
colon is optional. If option is given multiple
times trailer lines matching any of the keys are
shown. This option automatically enables the only
option so that non-trailer lines in the trailer
block are hidden. If that is not desired it can
be disabled with only=false. E.g.,
%(trailers:key=Reviewed-by) shows trailer lines
with key Reviewed-by.
• only[=<BOOL>]: select whether non-trailer lines
from the trailer block should be included.
• separator=<SEP>: specify a separator inserted
between trailer lines. When this option is not
given each trailer line is terminated with a line
feed character. The string SEP may contain the
literal formatting codes described above. To use
comma as separator one must use %x2C as it would
otherwise be parsed as next option. E.g.,
%(trailers:key=Ticket,separator=%x2C ) shows all
trailer lines whose key is "Ticket" separated by
a comma and a space.
• unfold[=<BOOL>]: make it behave as if
interpret-trailer's --unfold option was given.
E.g., %(trailers:only,unfold=true) unfolds and
shows all trailer lines.
• keyonly[=<BOOL>]: only show the key part of the
trailer.
• valueonly[=<BOOL>]: only show the value part of
the trailer.
• key_value_separator=<SEP>: specify a separator
inserted between trailer lines. When this option
is not given each trailer key-value pair is
separated by ": ". Otherwise it shares the same
semantics as separator=<SEP> above.
Note
Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
revision traversal engine. For example, the %g* reflog
options will insert an empty string unless we are traversing
reflog entries (e.g., by git log -g). The %d and %D
placeholders will use the "short" decoration format if
--decorate was not already provided on the command line.
If you add a + (plus sign) after % of a placeholder, a line-feed
is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
If you add a - (minus sign) after % of a placeholder, all
consecutive line-feeds immediately preceding the expansion are
deleted if and only if the placeholder expands to an empty
string.
If you add a ` ` (space) after % of a placeholder, a space is
inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
• tformat:
The tformat: format works exactly like format:, except that
it provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator"
semantics. In other words, each commit has the message
terminator character (usually a newline) appended, rather
than a separator placed between entries. This means that the
final entry of a single-line format will be properly
terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format
does. For example:
$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
| perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
4da45be
7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
| perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
4da45be
7134973
In addition, any unrecognized string that has a % in it is
interpreted as if it has tformat: in front of it. For
example, these two are equivalent:
$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
$ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef
