управление адресами протокола (protocol address management)
Имя (Name)
ip-address - protocol address management
Синопсис (Synopsis)
ip [ OPTIONS ] address { COMMAND | help }
ip address { add | change | replace } IFADDR dev IFNAME [
LIFETIME ] [ CONFFLAG-LIST ]
ip address del IFADDR dev IFNAME [ mngtmpaddr ]
ip address { save | flush } [ dev IFNAME ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ] [
metric METRIC ] [ to PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [ label
PATTERN ] [ up ]
ip address [ show [ dev IFNAME ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ] [ to PREFIX ]
[ FLAG-LIST ] [ label PATTERN ] [ master DEVICE ] [ type
TYPE ] [ vrf NAME ] [ up ] ]
ip address { showdump | restore }
IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [ broadcast ADDR ] [ anycast
ADDR ] [ label LABEL ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]
SCOPE-ID := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]
FLAG-LIST := [ FLAG-LIST ] FLAG
FLAG := [ [-]permanent | [-]dynamic | [-]secondary | [-]primary |
[-]tentative | [-]deprecated | [-]dadfailed |
[-]temporary | CONFFLAG-LIST ]
CONFFLAG-LIST := [ CONFFLAG-LIST ] CONFFLAG
CONFFLAG := [ home | mngtmpaddr | nodad | optimstic |
noprefixroute | autojoin ]
LIFETIME := [ valid_lft LFT ] [ preferred_lft LFT ]
LFT := [ forever | SECONDS ]
TYPE := [ bridge | bridge_slave | bond | bond_slave | can | dummy
| hsr | ifb | ipoib | macvlan | macvtap | vcan | veth |
vlan | vxlan | ip6tnl | ipip | sit | gre | gretap |
erspan | ip6gre | ip6gretap | ip6erspan | vti | vrf |
nlmon | ipvlan | lowpan | geneve | macsec ]
Описание (Description)
The address is a protocol (IPv4 or IPv6) address attached to a
network device. Each device must have at least one address to use
the corresponding protocol. It is possible to have several
different addresses attached to one device. These addresses are
not discriminated, so that the term alias is not quite
appropriate for them and we do not use it in this document.
The ip address command displays addresses and their properties,
adds new addresses and deletes old ones.
ip address add - add new protocol address.
dev IFNAME
the name of the device to add the address to.
local ADDRESS (default)
the address of the interface. The format of the address
depends on the protocol. It is a dotted quad for IP and a
sequence of hexadecimal halfwords separated by colons for
IPv6. The ADDRESS may be followed by a slash and a decimal
number which encodes the network prefix length.
peer ADDRESS
the address of the remote endpoint for pointopoint
interfaces. Again, the ADDRESS may be followed by a slash
and a decimal number, encoding the network prefix length.
If a peer address is specified, the local address cannot
have a prefix length. The network prefix is associated
with the peer rather than with the local address.
broadcast ADDRESS
the broadcast address on the interface.
It is possible to use the special symbols '+' and '-'
instead of the broadcast address. In this case, the
broadcast address is derived by setting/resetting the host
bits of the interface prefix.
label LABEL
Each address may be tagged with a label string. In order
to preserve compatibility with Linux-2.0 net aliases, this
string must coincide with the name of the device or must
be prefixed with the device name followed by colon. The
maximum allowed total length of label is 15 characters.
scope SCOPE_VALUE
the scope of the area where this address is valid. The
available scopes are listed in file
/etc/iproute2/rt_scopes. Predefined scope values are:
global - the address is globally valid.
site - (IPv6 only, deprecated) the address is site
local, i.e. it is valid inside this site.
link - the address is link local, i.e. it is valid
only on this device.
host - the address is valid only inside this host.
metric NUMBER
priority of prefix route associated with address.
valid_lft LFT
the valid lifetime of this address; see section 5.5.4 of
RFC 4862. When it expires, the address is removed by the
kernel. Defaults to forever.
preferred_lft LFT
the preferred lifetime of this address; see section 5.5.4
of RFC 4862. When it expires, the address is no longer
used for new outgoing connections. Defaults to forever.
home (IPv6 only) designates this address the "home address" as
defined in RFC 6275.
mngtmpaddr
(IPv6 only) make the kernel manage temporary addresses
created from this one as template on behalf of Privacy
Extensions (RFC3041). For this to become active, the
use_tempaddr sysctl setting has to be set to a value
greater than zero. The given address needs to have a
prefix length of 64. This flag allows to use privacy
extensions in a manually configured network, just like if
stateless auto-configuration was active.
nodad (IPv6 only) do not perform Duplicate Address Detection
(RFC 4862) when adding this address.
optimistic
(IPv6 only) When performing Duplicate Address Detection,
use the RFC 4429 optimistic variant.
noprefixroute
Do not automatically create a route for the network prefix
of the added address, and don't search for one to delete
when removing the address. Changing an address to add this
flag will remove the automatically added prefix route,
changing it to remove this flag will create the prefix
route automatically.
autojoin
Joining multicast groups on Ethernet level via ip maddr
command does not work if connected to an Ethernet switch
that does IGMP snooping since the switch would not
replicate multicast packets on ports that did not have
IGMP reports for the multicast addresses.
Linux VXLAN interfaces created via ip link add vxlan have
the group option that enables them to do the required
join.
Using the autojoin flag when adding a multicast address
enables similar functionality for Openvswitch VXLAN
interfaces as well as other tunneling mechanisms that need
to receive multicast traffic.
ip address delete - delete protocol address
Arguments: coincide with the arguments of ip addr add. The
device name is a required argument. The rest are optional. If no
arguments are given, the first address is deleted.
ip address show - look at protocol addresses
dev IFNAME (default)
name of device.
scope SCOPE_VAL
only list addresses with this scope.
to PREFIX
only list addresses matching this prefix.
label PATTERN
only list addresses with labels matching the PATTERN.
PATTERN is a usual shell style pattern.
master DEVICE
only list interfaces enslaved to this master device.
vrf NAME
only list interfaces enslaved to this vrf.
type TYPE
only list interfaces of the given type.
Note that the type name is not checked against the list of
supported types - instead it is sent as-is to the kernel.
Later it is used to filter the returned interface list by
comparing it with the relevant attribute in case the
kernel didn't filter already. Therefore any string is
accepted, but may lead to empty output.
up only list running interfaces.
dynamic and permanent
(IPv6 only) only list addresses installed due to stateless
address configuration or only list permanent (not dynamic)
addresses. These two flags are inverses of each other, so
-dynamic is equal to permanent and -permanent is equal to
dynamic.
tentative
(IPv6 only) only list addresses which have not yet passed
duplicate address detection.
-tentative
(IPv6 only) only list addresses which are not in the
process of duplicate address detection currently.
deprecated
(IPv6 only) only list deprecated addresses.
-deprecated
(IPv6 only) only list addresses not being deprecated.
dadfailed
(IPv6 only) only list addresses which have failed
duplicate address detection.
-dadfailed
(IPv6 only) only list addresses which have not failed
duplicate address detection.
temporary or secondary
List temporary IPv6 or secondary IPv4 addresses only. The
Linux kernel shares a single bit for those, so they are
actually aliases for each other although the meaning
differs depending on address family.
-temporary or -secondary
These flags are aliases for primary.
primary
List only primary addresses, in IPv6 exclude temporary
ones. This flag is the inverse of temporary and secondary.
-primary
This is an alias for temporary or secondary.
ip address flush - flush protocol addresses
This command flushes the protocol addresses selected by some
criteria.
This command has the same arguments as show except that type and
master selectors are not supported. Another difference is that
it does not run when no arguments are given.
Warning: This command and other flush commands are unforgiving.
They will cruelly purge all the addresses.
With the -statistics option, the command becomes verbose. It
prints out the number of deleted addresses and the number of
rounds made to flush the address list. If this option is given
twice, ip address flush also dumps all the deleted addresses in
the format described in the previous subsection.
Примеры (Examples)
ip address show
Shows IPv4 and IPv6 addresses assigned to all network
interfaces. The 'show' subcommand can be omitted.
ip address show up
Same as above except that only addresses assigned to active
network interfaces are shown.
ip address show dev eth0
Shows IPv4 and IPv6 addresses assigned to network interface
eth0.
ip address add 2001:0db8:85a3::0370:7334/64 dev eth1
Adds an IPv6 address to network interface eth1.
ip address delete 2001:0db8:85a3::0370:7334/64 dev eth1
Delete the IPv6 address added above.
ip address flush dev eth4 scope global
Removes all global IPv4 and IPv6 addresses from device eth4.
Without 'scope global' it would remove all addresses
including IPv6 link-local ones.
Смотри также (See also)
ip(8)
