`systemd-sysusers` ( 8 )

распределение системных пользователей и групп (Allocate system users and groups)

Формат

Имя (Name)

systemd-sysusers, systemd-sysusers.service - Allocate system users and groups

Синопсис (Synopsis)

systemd-sysusers [OPTIONS...] [CONFIGFILE...]

systemd-sysusers.service

Описание (Description)

systemd-sysusers creates system users and groups, based on the file format and location specified in sysusers.d(5).

If invoked with no arguments, it applies all directives from all files found in the directories specified by sysusers.d(5). When invoked with positional arguments, if option --replace=PATH is specified, arguments specified on the command line are used instead of the configuration file PATH. Otherwise, just the configuration specified by the command line arguments is executed. The string "-" may be specified instead of a filename to instruct systemd-sysusers to read the configuration from standard input. If only the basename of a file is specified, all configuration directories are searched for a matching file and the file found that has the highest priority is executed.

Параметры (Options)

The following options are understood:

       --root=root
           Takes a directory path as an argument. All paths will be
           prefixed with the given alternate root path, including config
           search paths.

       --image=image
           Takes a path to a disk image file or block device node. If
           specified all operations are applied to file system in the
           indicated disk image. This is similar to --root= but operates
           on file systems stored in disk images or block devices. The
           disk image should either contain just a file system or a set
           of file systems within a GPT partition table, following the
           Discoverable Partitions Specification[1]. For further
           information on supported disk images, see systemd-nspawn(1)'s
           switch of the same name.

       --replace=PATH
           When this option is given, one ore more positional arguments
           must be specified. All configuration files found in the
           directories listed in sysusers.d(5) will be read, and the
           configuration given on the command line will be handled
           instead of and with the same priority as the configuration
           file PATH.

           This option is intended to be used when package installation
           scripts are running and files belonging to that package are
           not yet available on disk, so their contents must be given on
           the command line, but the admin configuration might already
           exist and should be given higher priority.

           Example 1. RPM installation script for radvd

               echo 'u radvd - "radvd daemon"' | \
                         systemd-sysusers --replace=/usr/lib/sysusers.d/radvd.conf -

           This will create the radvd user as if
           /usr/lib/sysusers.d/radvd.conf was already on disk. An admin
           might override the configuration specified on the command
           line by placing /etc/sysusers.d/radvd.conf or even
           /etc/sysusers.d/00-overrides.conf.

           Note that this is the expanded form, and when used in a
           package, this would be written using a macro with "radvd" and
           a file containing the configuration line as arguments.

       --inline
           Treat each positional argument as a separate configuration
           line instead of a file name.

       --cat-config
           Copy the contents of config files to standard output. Before
           each file, the filename is printed as a comment.

       --no-pager
           Do not pipe output into a pager.

       -h, --help
           Print a short help text and exit.

       --version
           Print a short version string and exit.

Учетные данные (Credentials)

systemd-sysusers supports the service credentials logic as implemented by LoadCredential=/SetCredential= (see systemd.exec(1) for details). The following credentials are used when passed in:

"passwd.hashed-password.user" A UNIX hashed password string to use for the specified user, when creating an entry for it. This is particularly useful for the "root" user as it allows provisioning the default root password to use via a unit file drop-in or from a container manager passing in this credential. Note that setting this credential has no effect if the specified user account already exists. This credential is hence primarily useful in first boot scenarios or systems that are fully stateless and come up with an empty /etc/ on every boot.

"passwd.plaintext-password.user" Similar to "passwd.hashed-password.user" but expect a literal, plaintext password, which is then automatically hashed before used for the user account. If both the hashed and the plaintext credential are specified for the same user the former takes precedence. It's generally recommended to specify the hashed version; however in test environments with weaker requirements on security it might be easier to pass passwords in plaintext instead.

"passwd.shell.user" Specifies the shell binary to use for the specified account when creating it.

Note that by default the systemd-sysusers.service unit file is set up to inherit the "passwd.hashed-password.root", "passwd.plaintext-password.root" and "passwd.shell.root" credentials from the service manager. Thus, when invoking a container with an unpopulated /etc/ for the first time it is possible to configure the root user's password to be "systemd" like this:

# systemd-nspawn --image=... --set-credential=passwd.hashed-password.root:'$y$j9T$yAuRJu1o5HioZAGDYPU5d.$F64ni6J2y2nNQve90M/p0ZP0ECP/qqzipNyaY9fjGpC' ...

Note again that the data specified in these credentials is consulted only when creating an account for the first time, it may not be used for changing the password or shell of an account that already exists.

Use mkpasswd(1) for generating UNIX password hashes from the command line.

Статус выхода (Exit)

On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.

Смотри также (See also)

systemd(1), sysusers.d(5), Users, Groups, UIDs and GIDs on systemd systems[2], systemd.exec(1), mkpasswd(1)

Примечание (Note)

1. Discoverable Partitions Specification https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS

2. Users, Groups, UIDs and GIDs on systemd systems https://systemd.io/UIDS-GIDS

Исходный текст на man7.org

systemd-sysusers ( 8 )