расширенные общие приложения (CAKE) (Common Applications Kept Enhanced (CAKE))
OVERHEAD COMPENSATION PARAMETERS
The size of each packet on the wire may differ from that seen by
Linux. The following parameters allow CAKE to compensate for
this difference by internally considering each packet to be
bigger than Linux informs it. To assist users who are not expert
network engineers, keywords have been provided to represent a
number of common link technologies.
Manual Overhead Specification
overhead
BYTES
Adds BYTES to the size of each packet. BYTES may be
negative; values between -64 and 256 (inclusive) are accepted.
mpu
BYTES
Rounds each packet (including overhead) up to a minimum
length BYTES. BYTES may not be negative; values between 0 and 256
(inclusive) are accepted.
atm
Compensates for ATM cell framing, which is normally found on
ADSL links. This is performed after the overhead
parameter
above. ATM uses fixed 53-byte cells, each of which can carry 48
bytes payload.
ptm
Compensates for PTM encoding, which is normally found on
VDSL2 links and uses a 64b/65b encoding scheme. It is even more
efficient to simply derate the specified shaper bandwidth by a
factor of 64/65 or 0.984. See ITU G.992.3 Annex N and IEEE 802.3
Section 61.3 for details.
noatm
Disables ATM and PTM compensation.
Failsafe Overhead Keywords
These two keywords are provided for quick-and-dirty setup. Use
them if you can't be bothered to read the rest of this section.
raw
(default)
Turns off all overhead compensation in CAKE. The packet
size reported by Linux will be used directly.
Other overhead keywords may be added after "raw". The
effect of this is to make the overhead compensation operate
relative to the reported packet size, not the underlying IP
packet size.
conservative
Compensates for more overhead than is likely to occur on any
widely-deployed link technology.
Equivalent to overhead 48 atm.
ADSL Overhead Keywords
Most ADSL modems have a way to check which framing scheme is in
use. Often this is also specified in the settings document
provided by the ISP. The keywords in this section are intended
to correspond with these sources of information. All of them
implicitly set the atm
flag.
pppoa-vcmux
Equivalent to overhead 10 atm
pppoa-llc
Equivalent to overhead 14 atm
pppoe-vcmux
Equivalent to overhead 32 atm
pppoe-llcsnap
Equivalent to overhead 40 atm
bridged-vcmux
Equivalent to overhead 24 atm
bridged-llcsnap
Equivalent to overhead 32 atm
ipoa-vcmux
Equivalent to overhead 8 atm
ipoa-llcsnap
Equivalent to overhead 16 atm
See also the Ethernet Correction Factors section below.
VDSL2 Overhead Keywords
ATM was dropped from VDSL2 in favour of PTM, which is a much more
straightforward framing scheme. Some ISPs retained PPPoE for
compatibility with their existing back-end systems.
pppoe-ptm
Equivalent to overhead 30 ptm
PPPoE: 2B PPP + 6B PPPoE +
ETHERNET: 6B dest MAC + 6B src MAC + 2B ethertype + 4B Frame
Check Sequence +
PTM: 1B Start of Frame (S) + 1B End of Frame (Ck) + 2B TC-
CRC (PTM-FCS)
bridged-ptm
Equivalent to overhead 22 ptm
ETHERNET: 6B dest MAC + 6B src MAC + 2B ethertype + 4B Frame
Check Sequence +
PTM: 1B Start of Frame (S) + 1B End of Frame (Ck) + 2B TC-
CRC (PTM-FCS)
See also the Ethernet Correction Factors section below.
DOCSIS Cable Overhead Keyword
DOCSIS is the universal standard for providing Internet service
over cable-TV infrastructure.
In this case, the actual on-wire overhead is less important than
the packet size the head-end equipment uses for shaping and
metering. This is specified to be an Ethernet frame including
the CRC (aka FCS).
docsis
Equivalent to overhead 18 mpu 64 noatm
Ethernet Overhead Keywords
ethernet
Accounts for Ethernet's preamble, inter-frame gap, and Frame
Check Sequence. Use this keyword when the bottleneck being
shaped for is an actual Ethernet cable.
Equivalent to overhead 38 mpu 84 noatm
ether-vlan
Adds 4 bytes to the overhead compensation, accounting for an
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN header appended to the Ethernet frame header.
NB: Some ISPs use one or even two of these within PPPoE; this
keyword may be repeated as necessary to express this.