разбивать файлы на основе контекста (split files based on context)
Пролог (Prolog)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
Имя (Name)
csplit — split files based on context
Синопсис (Synopsis)
csplit [-ks] [-f prefix] [-n number] file arg...
Описание (Description)
The csplit utility shall read the file named by the file operand,
write all or part of that file into other files as directed by
the arg operands, and write the sizes of the files.
Параметры (Options)
The csplit utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume
of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported:
-f prefix Name the created files prefix00, prefix01, ...,
prefixn. The default is xx00 ... xxn. If the prefix
argument would create a filename exceeding {NAME_MAX}
bytes, an error shall result, csplit shall exit with a
diagnostic message, and no files shall be created.
-k Leave previously created files intact. By default,
csplit shall remove created files if an error occurs.
-n number Use number decimal digits to form filenames for the
file pieces. The default shall be 2.
-s Suppress the output of file size messages.
Операнды (Operands)
The following operands shall be supported:
file The pathname of a text file to be split. If file is
'-', the standard input shall be used.
Each arg operand can be one of the following:
/rexp/[offset]
A file shall be created using the content of the lines
from the current line up to, but not including, the
line that results from the evaluation of the regular
expression with offset, if any, applied. The regular
expression rexp shall follow the rules for basic
regular expressions described in the Base Definitions
volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 9.3, Basic Regular
Expressions. The application shall use the sequence
"\/" to specify a <slash> character within the rexp.
The optional offset shall be a positive or negative
integer value representing a number of lines. A
positive integer value can be preceded by '+'. If the
selection of lines from an offset expression of this
type would create a file with zero lines, or one with
greater than the number of lines left in the input
file, the results are unspecified. After the section is
created, the current line shall be set to the line that
results from the evaluation of the regular expression
with any offset applied. If the current line is the
first line in the file and a regular expression
operation has not yet been performed, the pattern match
of rexp shall be applied from the current line to the
end of the file. Otherwise, the pattern match of rexp
shall be applied from the line following the current
line to the end of the file.
%rexp%[offset]
Equivalent to /rexp/[offset], except that no file shall
be created for the selected section of the input file.
The application shall use the sequence "\%" to specify
a <percent-sign> character within the rexp.
line_no Create a file from the current line up to (but not
including) the line number line_no. Lines in the file
shall be numbered starting at one. The current line
becomes line_no.
{num} Repeat operand. This operand can follow any of the
operands described previously. If it follows a rexp
type operand, that operand shall be applied num more
times. If it follows a line_no operand, the file shall
be split every line_no lines, num times, from that
point.
An error shall be reported if an operand does not reference a
line between the current position and the end of the file.
Стандартный ввод (Stdin)
See the INPUT FILES section.
Входные файлы (Input files)
The input file shall be a text file.
Переменные окружения (Environment variables)
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
csplit:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization
variables that are unset or null. (See the Base
Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 8.2,
Internationalization Variables for the precedence of
internationalization variables used to determine the
values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values
of all the other internationalization variables.
LC_COLLATE
Determine the locale for the behavior of ranges,
equivalence classes, and multi-character collating
elements within regular expressions.
LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of
sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for
example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte
characters in arguments and input files) and the
behavior of character classes within regular
expressions.
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the
format and contents of diagnostic messages written to
standard error.
NLSPATH Determine the location of message catalogs for the
processing of LC_MESSAGES.
Асинхронные события (Asynchronous events)
If the -k option is specified, created files shall be retained.
Otherwise, the default action occurs.
Стандартный вывод (Stdout)
Unless the -s option is used, the standard output shall consist
of one line per file created, with a format as follows:
"%d\n", <file size in bytes>
Стандартный вывод сообщений (Stderr)
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
Выходные файлы (Output files)
The output files shall contain portions of the original input
file; otherwise, unchanged.
Расширенное описание (Extended description)
None.
Статус выхода (Exit)
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
Последствия ошибок (Consequences of errors)
By default, created files shall be removed if an error occurs.
When the -k option is specified, created files shall not be
removed if an error occurs.
The following sections are informative.
Использование в приложениях (Application usage)
None.
Примеры (Examples)
1. This example creates four files, cobol00 ... cobol03:
csplit -f cobol file '/procedure division/' /par5./ /par16./
After editing the split files, they can be recombined as
follows:
cat cobol0[0-3] > file
Note that this example overwrites the original file.
2. This example would split the file after the first 99 lines,
and every 100 lines thereafter, up to 9999 lines; this is
because lines in the file are numbered from 1 rather than
zero, for historical reasons:
csplit -k file 100 {99}
3. Assuming that prog.c follows the C-language coding convention
of ending routines with a '}' at the beginning of the line,
this example creates a file containing each separate C
routine (up to 21) in prog.c:
csplit -k prog.c '%main(%' '/^}/+1' {20}
Обоснование (Rationale)
The -n option was added to extend the range of filenames that
could be handled.
Consideration was given to adding a -a flag to use the alphabetic
filename generation used by the historical split utility, but the
functionality added by the -n option was deemed to make
alphabetic naming unnecessary.
Будущие направления (Future directions)
None.
Смотри также (See also)
sed(1p), split(1p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Chapter 8,
Environment Variables, Section 9.3, Basic Regular Expressions,
Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines
