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   open_by_handle_at    ( 2 )

получить дескриптор для имени пути и открыть файл через дескриптор (obtain handle for a pathname and open file via a handle)

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Описание (Description)

The name_to_handle_at() and open_by_handle_at() system calls
       split the functionality of openat(2) into two parts:
       name_to_handle_at() returns an opaque handle that corresponds to
       a specified file; open_by_handle_at() opens the file
       corresponding to a handle returned by a previous call to
       name_to_handle_at() and returns an open file descriptor.

name_to_handle_at() The name_to_handle_at() system call returns a file handle and a mount ID corresponding to the file specified by the dirfd and pathname arguments. The file handle is returned via the argument handle, which is a pointer to a structure of the following form:

struct file_handle { unsigned int handle_bytes; /* Size of f_handle [in, out] */ int handle_type; /* Handle type [out] */ unsigned char f_handle[0]; /* File identifier (sized by caller) [out] */ };

It is the caller's responsibility to allocate the structure with a size large enough to hold the handle returned in f_handle. Before the call, the handle_bytes field should be initialized to contain the allocated size for f_handle. (The constant MAX_HANDLE_SZ, defined in <fcntl.h>, specifies the maximum expected size for a file handle. It is not a guaranteed upper limit as future filesystems may require more space.) Upon successful return, the handle_bytes field is updated to contain the number of bytes actually written to f_handle.

The caller can discover the required size for the file_handle structure by making a call in which handle->handle_bytes is zero; in this case, the call fails with the error EOVERFLOW and handle->handle_bytes is set to indicate the required size; the caller can then use this information to allocate a structure of the correct size (see EXAMPLES below). Some care is needed here as EOVERFLOW can also indicate that no file handle is available for this particular name in a filesystem which does normally support file-handle lookup. This case can be detected when the EOVERFLOW error is returned without handle_bytes being increased.

Other than the use of the handle_bytes field, the caller should treat the file_handle structure as an opaque data type: the handle_type and f_handle fields are needed only by a subsequent call to open_by_handle_at().

The flags argument is a bit mask constructed by ORing together zero or more of AT_EMPTY_PATH and AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW, described below.

Together, the pathname and dirfd arguments identify the file for which a handle is to be obtained. There are four distinct cases:

* If pathname is a nonempty string containing an absolute pathname, then a handle is returned for the file referred to by that pathname. In this case, dirfd is ignored.

* If pathname is a nonempty string containing a relative pathname and dirfd has the special value AT_FDCWD, then pathname is interpreted relative to the current working directory of the caller, and a handle is returned for the file to which it refers.

* If pathname is a nonempty string containing a relative pathname and dirfd is a file descriptor referring to a directory, then pathname is interpreted relative to the directory referred to by dirfd, and a handle is returned for the file to which it refers. (See openat(2) for an explanation of why "directory file descriptors" are useful.)

* If pathname is an empty string and flags specifies the value AT_EMPTY_PATH, then dirfd can be an open file descriptor referring to any type of file, or AT_FDCWD, meaning the current working directory, and a handle is returned for the file to which it refers.

The mount_id argument returns an identifier for the filesystem mount that corresponds to pathname. This corresponds to the first field in one of the records in /proc/self/mountinfo. Opening the pathname in the fifth field of that record yields a file descriptor for the mount point; that file descriptor can be used in a subsequent call to open_by_handle_at(). mount_id is returned both for a successful call and for a call that results in the error EOVERFLOW.

By default, name_to_handle_at() does not dereference pathname if it is a symbolic link, and thus returns a handle for the link itself. If AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW is specified in flags, pathname is dereferenced if it is a symbolic link (so that the call returns a handle for the file referred to by the link).

name_to_handle_at() does not trigger a mount when the final component of the pathname is an automount point. When a filesystem supports both file handles and automount points, a name_to_handle_at() call on an automount point will return with error EOVERFLOW without having increased handle_bytes. This can happen since Linux 4.13 with NFS when accessing a directory which is on a separate filesystem on the server. In this case, the automount can be triggered by adding a "/" to the end of the pathname.

open_by_handle_at() The open_by_handle_at() system call opens the file referred to by handle, a file handle returned by a previous call to name_to_handle_at().

The mount_fd argument is a file descriptor for any object (file, directory, etc.) in the mounted filesystem with respect to which handle should be interpreted. The special value AT_FDCWD can be specified, meaning the current working directory of the caller.

The flags argument is as for open(2). If handle refers to a symbolic link, the caller must specify the O_PATH flag, and the symbolic link is not dereferenced; the O_NOFOLLOW flag, if specified, is ignored.

The caller must have the CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH capability to invoke open_by_handle_at().