установить и определить архитектуру для сборки пакета (set and determine the architecture for package building)
Имя (Name)
dpkg-architecture - set and determine the architecture for
package building
Синопсис (Synopsis)
dpkg-architecture [option...] [command]
Описание (Description)
dpkg-architecture provides a facility to determine and set the
build and host architecture for package building.
The build architecture is always determined by an external call
to dpkg(1), and cannot be set at the command line.
You can specify the host architecture by providing one or both of
the options --host-arch and --host-type. The default is
determined by an external call to gcc(1), or the same as the
build architecture if CC or gcc are both not available. One out
of --host-arch and --host-type is sufficient, the value of the
other will be set to a usable default. Indeed, it is often better
to only specify one, because dpkg-architecture will warn you if
your choice does not match the default.
Команды (Commands)
-l, --list
Print the environment variables, one each line, in the
format VARIABLE=value. This is the default action.
-e, --equal architecture
Check for equality of architecture (since dpkg 1.13.13).
It compares the current or specified Debian host
architecture against architecture, to check if they are
equal. This action will not expand the architecture
wildcards. Command finishes with an exit status of 0 if
matched, 1 if not matched.
-i, --is architecture-wildcard
Check for identity of architecture (since dpkg 1.13.13).
It compares the current or specified Debian host
architecture against architecture-wildcard after having
expanded it as an architecture wildcard, to check if they
match. Command finishes with an exit status of 0 if
matched, 1 if not matched.
-q, --query variable-name
Print the value of a single variable.
-s, --print-set
Print an export command. This can be used to set the
environment variables using eval.
-u, --print-unset
Print a similar command to --print-unset but to unset all
variables.
-c, --command command-string
Execute a command-string in an environment which has all
variables set to the determined value.
-L, --list-known
Print a list of valid architecture names. Possibly
restricted by one or more of the matching options
--match-wildcard, --match-bits or --match-endian (since
dpkg 1.17.14).
-?, --help
Show the usage message and exit.
--version
Show the version and exit.
Параметры (Options)
-a, --host-arch architecture
Set the host Debian architecture.
-t, --host-type gnu-system-type
Set the host GNU system type.
-A, --target-arch architecture
Set the target Debian architecture (since dpkg 1.17.14).
-T, --target-type gnu-system-type
Set the target GNU system type (since dpkg 1.17.14).
-W, --match-wildcard architecture-wildcard
Restrict the architectures listed by --list-known to ones
matching the specified architecture wildcard (since dpkg
1.17.14).
-B, --match-bits architecture-bits
Restrict the architectures listed by --list-known to ones
with the specified CPU bits (since dpkg 1.17.14). Either
32 or 64.
-E, --match-endian architecture-endianness
Restrict the architectures listed by --list-known to ones
with the specified endianness (since dpkg 1.17.14). Either
little or big.
-f, --force
Values set by existing environment variables with the same
name as used by the scripts are honored (i.e. used by
dpkg-architecture), except if this force flag is present.
This allows the user to override a value even when the
call to dpkg-architecture is buried in some other script
(for example dpkg-buildpackage(1)).
TERMS
build machine
The machine the package is built on.
host machine
The machine the package is built for.
target machine
The machine the compiler is building for. This is only
needed when building a cross-toolchain, one that will be
built on the build architecture, to be run on the host
architecture, and to build code for the target architecture.
Debian architecture
The Debian architecture string, which specifies the binary
tree in the FTP archive. Examples: i386, sparc, hurd-i386.
Debian architecture tuple
A Debian architecture tuple is the fully qualified
architecture with all its components spelled out. This
differs with Debian architectures in that at least the cpu
component does not embed the abi. The current tuple has the
form abi-libc-os-cpu. Examples: base-gnu-linux-amd64,
eabihf-musl-linux-arm.
Debian architecture wildcard
A Debian architecture wildcard is a special architecture
string that will match any real architecture being part of
it. The general form is a Debian architecture tuple with
four or less elements, and with at least one of them being
any. Missing elements of the tuple are prefixed implicitly
as any, and thus the following pairs are equivalent:
any-any-any-any = any
any-any-os-any = os-any
any-libc-any-any = libc-any-any
Examples: linux-any, any-i386, hurd-any, eabi-any-any-arm,
musl-any-any.
GNU system type
An architecture specification string consisting of two parts
separated by a hyphen: cpu and system. Examples:
i586-linux-gnu, sparc-linux-gnu, i686-gnu, x86_64-netbsd.
multiarch triplet
The clarified GNU system type, used for filesystem paths.
This triplet does not change even when the baseline ISA gets
bumped, so that the resulting paths are stable over time.
The only current difference with the GNU system type is that
the CPU part for i386 based systems is always i386.
Examples: i386-linux-gnu, x86_64-linux-gnu. Example paths:
/lib/powerpc64le-linux-gnu/, /usr/lib/i386-kfreebsd-gnu/.
Переменные (Variables)
The following variables are set by dpkg-architecture (see the
TERMS section for a description of the naming scheme):
DEB_BUILD_ARCH
The Debian architecture of the build machine.
DEB_BUILD_ARCH_ABI
The Debian abi name of the build machine (since dpkg
1.18.11).
DEB_BUILD_ARCH_LIBC
The Debian libc name of the build machine (since dpkg
1.18.11).
DEB_BUILD_ARCH_OS
The Debian system name of the build machine (since dpkg
1.13.2).
DEB_BUILD_ARCH_CPU
The Debian cpu name of the build machine (since dpkg 1.13.2).
DEB_BUILD_ARCH_BITS
The pointer size of the build machine (in bits; since dpkg
1.15.4).
DEB_BUILD_ARCH_ENDIAN
The endianness of the build machine (little / big; since dpkg
1.15.4).
DEB_BUILD_GNU_CPU
The CPU part of DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE.
DEB_BUILD_GNU_SYSTEM
The System part of DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE.
DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE
The GNU system type of the build machine.
DEB_BUILD_MULTIARCH
The clarified GNU system type of the build machine, used for
filesystem paths (since dpkg 1.16.0).
DEB_HOST_ARCH
The Debian architecture of the host machine.
DEB_HOST_ARCH_ABI
The Debian abi name of the host machine (since dpkg 1.18.11).
DEB_HOST_ARCH_LIBC
The Debian libc name of the host machine (since dpkg
1.18.11).
DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS
The Debian system name of the host machine (since dpkg
1.13.2).
DEB_HOST_ARCH_CPU
The Debian cpu name of the host machine (since dpkg 1.13.2).
DEB_HOST_ARCH_BITS
The pointer size of the host machine (in bits; since dpkg
1.15.4).
DEB_HOST_ARCH_ENDIAN
The endianness of the host machine (little / big; since dpkg
1.15.4).
DEB_HOST_GNU_CPU
The CPU part of DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE.
DEB_HOST_GNU_SYSTEM
The System part of DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE.
DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE
The GNU system type of the host machine.
DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH
The clarified GNU system type of the host machine, used for
filesystem paths (since dpkg 1.16.0).
DEB_TARGET_ARCH
The Debian architecture of the target machine (since dpkg
1.17.14).
DEB_TARGET_ARCH_ABI
The Debian abi name of the target machine (since dpkg
1.18.11).
DEB_TARGET_ARCH_LIBC
The Debian libc name of the target machine (since dpkg
1.18.11).
DEB_TARGET_ARCH_OS
The Debian system name of the target machine (since dpkg
1.17.14).
DEB_TARGET_ARCH_CPU
The Debian cpu name of the target machine (since dpkg
1.17.14).
DEB_TARGET_ARCH_BITS
The pointer size of the target machine (in bits; since dpkg
1.17.14).
DEB_TARGET_ARCH_ENDIAN
The endianness of the target machine (little / big; since
dpkg 1.17.14).
DEB_TARGET_GNU_CPU
The CPU part of DEB_TARGET_GNU_TYPE (since dpkg 1.17.14).
DEB_TARGET_GNU_SYSTEM
The System part of DEB_TARGET_GNU_TYPE (since dpkg 1.17.14).
DEB_TARGET_GNU_TYPE
The GNU system type of the target machine (since dpkg
1.17.14).
DEB_TARGET_MULTIARCH
The clarified GNU system type of the target machine, used for
filesystem paths (since dpkg 1.17.14).
Файлы (Files)
Architecture tables
All these files have to be present for dpkg-architecture to work.
Their location can be overridden at runtime with the environment
variable DPKG_DATADIR. These tables contain a format Version
pseudo-field on their first line to mark their format, so that
parsers can check if they understand it, such as "# Version=1.0".
/usr/local/share/dpkg/cputable
Table of known CPU names and mapping to their GNU name.
Format version 1.0 (since dpkg 1.13.2).
/usr/local/share/dpkg/ostable
Table of known operating system names and mapping to their
GNU name. Format version 2.0 (since dpkg 1.18.11).
/usr/local/share/dpkg/tupletable
Mapping between Debian architecture tuples and Debian
architecture names. Format version 1.0 (since dpkg
1.18.11).
/usr/local/share/dpkg/abitable
Table of Debian architecture ABI attribute overrides.
Format version 2.0 (since dpkg 1.18.11).
Packaging support
/usr/local/share/dpkg/architecture.mk
Makefile snippet that properly sets and exports all the
variables that dpkg-architecture outputs (since dpkg
1.16.1).
Примеры (Examples)
dpkg-buildpackage accepts the -a option and passes it to
dpkg-architecture. Other examples:
CC=i386-gnu-gcc dpkg-architecture -c debian/rules build
eval `dpkg-architecture -u`
Check if the current or specified host architecture is equal to
an architecture:
dpkg-architecture -elinux-alpha
dpkg-architecture -amips -elinux-mips
Check if the current or specified host architecture is a Linux
system:
dpkg-architecture -ilinux-any
dpkg-architecture -ai386 -ilinux-any
Usage in debian/rules
The environment variables set by dpkg-architecture are passed to
debian/rules as make variables (see make documentation). However,
you should not rely on them, as this breaks manual invocation of
the script. Instead, you should always initialize them using
dpkg-architecture with the -q option. Here are some examples,
which also show how you can improve the cross compilation support
in your package:
Retrieving the GNU system type and forwarding it to ./configure:
DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE ?= $(shell dpkg-architecture -qDEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)
DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE ?= $(shell dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)
[...]
ifeq ($(DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE), $(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE))
confflags += --build=$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)
else
confflags += --build=$(DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE) \
--host=$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)
endif
[...]
./configure $(confflags)
Doing something only for a specific architecture:
DEB_HOST_ARCH ?= $(shell dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_ARCH)
ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_ARCH),alpha)
[...]
endif
or if you only need to check the CPU or OS type, use the
DEB_HOST_ARCH_CPU or DEB_HOST_ARCH_OS variables.
Note that you can also rely on an external Makefile snippet to
properly set all the variables that dpkg-architecture can
provide:
include /usr/local/share/dpkg/architecture.mk
ifeq ($(DEB_HOST_ARCH),alpha)
[...]
endif
In any case, you should never use dpkg --print-architecture to
get architecture information during a package build.
Окружение (Environment)
DPKG_DATADIR
If set, it will be used as the dpkg data directory, where
the architecture tables are located (since dpkg 1.14.17).
Defaults to «/usr/local/share/dpkg».
DPKG_COLORS
Sets the color mode (since dpkg 1.18.5). The currently
accepted values are: auto (default), always and never.
DPKG_NLS
If set, it will be used to decide whether to activate
Native Language Support, also known as
internationalization (or i18n) support (since dpkg
1.19.0). The accepted values are: 0 and 1 (default).
Примечание (Note)
All long command and option names available only since dpkg
1.17.17.
Смотри также (See also)
dpkg-buildpackage(1).
