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   dirname.3p    ( 3 )

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Пролог (Prolog)

This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

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Имя (Name)

dirname — report the parent directory name of a file pathname

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Синопсис (Synopsis)

#include <libgen.h>

char *dirname(char *path);

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Описание (Description)

The dirname() function shall take a pointer to a character string that contains a pathname, and return a pointer to a string that is a pathname of the parent directory of that file. The dirname() function shall not perform pathname resolution; the result shall not be affected by whether or not path exists or by its file type. Trailing '/' characters in the path that are not also leading '/' characters shall not be counted as part of the path.

If path does not contain a '/', then dirname() shall return a pointer to the string ".". If path is a null pointer or points to an empty string, dirname() shall return a pointer to the string ".".

The dirname() function may modify the string pointed to by path, and may return a pointer to static storage that may then be overwritten by a subsequent call to dirname().

The dirname() function need not be thread-safe.

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Возвращаемое значение (Return value)

The dirname() function shall return a pointer to a string as described above.

The dirname() function may modify the string pointed to by path, and may return a pointer to internal storage. The returned pointer might be invalidated or the storage might be overwritten by a subsequent call to dirname(). The returned pointer might also be invalidated if the calling thread is terminated.

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Ошибки (Error)

No errors are defined.

The following sections are informative.

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Примеры (Examples)

The following code fragment reads a pathname, changes the current
       working directory to the parent directory, and opens the file.

           char *path = NULL, *pathcopy;
           size_t buflen = 0;
           ssize_t linelen = 0;
           int fd;

           linelen = getline(&path, &buflen, stdin);

           path[linelen-1] = 0;
           pathcopy = strdup(path);
           if (chdir(dirname(pathcopy)) < 0) {
               ...
           }
           if ((fd = open(basename(path), O_RDONLY)) >= 0) {
               ...
               close (fd);
           }
           ...
           free (pathcopy);
           free (path);

       The EXAMPLES section of the basename() function (see
       basename(3p)) includes a table showing examples of the results of
       processing several sample pathnames by the basename() and
       dirname() functions and by the basename and dirname utilities.

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Использование в приложениях (Application usage)

The dirname() and basename() functions together yield a complete pathname. The expression dirname(path) obtains the pathname of the directory where basename(path) is found.

Since the meaning of the leading "//" is implementation-defined, dirname("//foo) may return either "//" or '/' (but nothing else).

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Обоснование (Rationale)

None.

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Будущие направления (Future directions)

None.

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Смотри также (See also)

basename(3p)

The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, libgen.h(0p)

The Shell and Utilities volume of POSIX.1‐2017, basename(1p), dirname(1p)

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