перечислить идентификаторы всех процессов, у которых открыт один или несколько файлов (list process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open)
Пролог (Prolog)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
Имя (Name)
fuser — list process IDs of all processes that have one or more
files open
Синопсис (Synopsis)
fuser [-cfu] file...
Описание (Description)
The fuser utility shall write to standard output the process IDs
of processes running on the local system that have one or more
named files open. For block special devices, all processes using
any file on that device are listed.
The fuser utility shall write to standard error additional
information about the named files indicating how the file is
being used.
Any output for processes running on remote systems that have a
named file open is unspecified.
A user may need appropriate privileges to invoke the fuser
utility.
Параметры (Options)
The fuser utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of
POSIX.1‐2017, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported:
-c The file is treated as a mount point and the utility
shall report on any files open in the file system.
-f The report shall be only for the named files.
-u The user name, in parentheses, associated with each
process ID written to standard output shall be written
to standard error.
Операнды (Operands)
The following operand shall be supported:
file A pathname on which the file or file system is to be
reported.
Стандартный ввод (Stdin)
Not used.
Входные файлы (Input files)
The user database.
Переменные окружения (Environment variables)
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
fuser:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization
variables that are unset or null. (See the Base
Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 8.2,
Internationalization Variables for the precedence of
internationalization variables used to determine the
values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values
of all the other internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of
sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for
example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte
characters in arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the
format and contents of diagnostic messages written to
standard error.
NLSPATH Determine the location of message catalogs for the
processing of LC_MESSAGES.
Асинхронные события (Asynchronous events)
Default.
Стандартный вывод (Stdout)
The fuser utility shall write the process ID for each process
using each file given as an operand to standard output in the
following format:
"%d", <process_id>
Стандартный вывод сообщений (Stderr)
The fuser utility shall write diagnostic messages to standard
error.
The fuser utility also shall write the following to standard
error:
* The pathname of each named file is written followed
immediately by a <colon>.
* For each process ID written to standard output, the character
'c' shall be written to standard error if the process is
using the file as its current directory and the character 'r'
shall be written to standard error if the process is using
the file as its root directory. Implementations may write
other alphabetic characters to indicate other uses of files.
* When the -u option is specified, characters indicating the
use of the file shall be followed immediately by the user
name, in parentheses, corresponding to the real user ID of
the process. If the user name cannot be resolved from the
real user ID of the process, the real user ID of the process
shall be written instead of the user name.
When standard output and standard error are directed to the same
file, the output shall be interleaved so that the filename
appears at the start of each line, followed by the process ID and
characters indicating the use of the file. Then, if the -u option
is specified, the user name or user ID for each process using
that file shall be written.
A <newline> shall be written to standard error after the last
output described above for each file operand.
Выходные файлы (Output files)
None.
Расширенное описание (Extended description)
None.
Статус выхода (Exit)
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
Последствия ошибок (Consequences of errors)
Default.
The following sections are informative.
Использование в приложениях (Application usage)
None.
Примеры (Examples)
The command:
fuser -fu .
writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are
using the current directory and writes to standard error an
indication of how those processes are using the directory and the
user names associated with the processes that are using the
current directory.
fuser -c <mount point>
writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are
using any file in the file system which is mounted on <mount
point> and writes to standard error an indication of how those
processes are using the files.
fuser <mount point>
writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are
using the file which is named by <mount point> and writes to
standard error an indication of how those processes are using the
file.
fuser <block device>
writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are
using any file which is on the device named by <block device> and
writes to standard error an indication of how those processes are
using the file.
fuser -f <block device>
writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are
using the file <block device> itself and writes to standard error
an indication of how those processes are using the file.
Обоснование (Rationale)
The definition of the fuser utility follows existing practice.
Будущие направления (Future directions)
None.
Смотри также (See also)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Chapter 8,
Environment Variables, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines
