прочитать запись с разделителями из потока (read a delimited record from stream)
Пролог (Prolog)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
Имя (Name)
getdelim, getline — read a delimited record from stream
Синопсис (Synopsis)
#include <stdio.h>
ssize_t getdelim(char **restrict lineptr, size_t *restrict n,
int delimiter, FILE *restrict stream);
ssize_t getline(char **restrict lineptr, size_t *restrict n,
FILE *restrict stream);
Описание (Description)
The getdelim() function shall read from stream until it
encounters a character matching the delimiter character. The
delimiter argument is an int, the value of which the application
shall ensure is a character representable as an unsigned char of
equal value that terminates the read process. If the delimiter
argument has any other value, the behavior is undefined.
The application shall ensure that *lineptr is a valid argument
that could be passed to the free() function. If *n is non-zero,
the application shall ensure that *lineptr either points to an
object of size at least *n bytes, or is a null pointer.
If *lineptr is a null pointer or if the object pointed to by
*lineptr is of insufficient size, an object shall be allocated as
if by malloc() or the object shall be reallocated as if by
realloc(), respectively, such that the object is large enough to
hold the characters to be written to it, including the
terminating NUL, and *n shall be set to the new size. If the
object was allocated, or if the reallocation operation moved the
object, *lineptr shall be updated to point to the new object or
new location. The characters read, including any delimiter,
shall be stored in the object, and a terminating NUL added when
the delimiter or end-of-file is encountered.
The getline() function shall be equivalent to the getdelim()
function with the delimiter character equal to the <newline>
character.
The getdelim() and getline() functions may mark the last data
access timestamp of the file associated with stream for update.
The last data access timestamp shall be marked for update by the
first successful execution of fgetc(), fgets(), fread(),
fscanf(), getc(), getchar(), getdelim(), getline(), gets(), or
scanf() using stream that returns data not supplied by a prior
call to ungetc().
Возвращаемое значение (Return value)
Upon successful completion, the getline() and getdelim()
functions shall return the number of bytes written into the
buffer, including the delimiter character if one was encountered
before EOF, but excluding the terminating NUL character. If the
end-of-file indicator for the stream is set, or if no characters
were read and the stream is at end-of-file, the end-of-file
indicator for the stream shall be set and the function shall
return -1. If an error occurs, the error indicator for the
stream shall be set, and the function shall return -1 and set
errno to indicate the error.
Ошибки (Error)
For the conditions under which the getdelim() and getline()
functions shall fail and may fail, refer to fgetc(3p).
In addition, these functions shall fail if:
EINVAL lineptr or n is a null pointer.
ENOMEM Insufficient memory is available.
These functions may fail if:
EOVERFLOW
The number of bytes to be written into the buffer,
including the delimiter character (if encountered), would
exceed {SSIZE_MAX}.
The following sections are informative.
Примеры (Examples)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
FILE *fp;
char *line = NULL;
size_t len = 0;
ssize_t read;
fp = fopen("/etc/motd", "r");
if (fp == NULL)
exit(1);
while ((read = getline(&line, &len, fp)) != -1) {
printf("Retrieved line of length %zu :\n", read);
printf("%s", line);
}
if (ferror(fp)) {
/* handle error */
}
free(line);
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
Использование в приложениях (Application usage)
Setting *lineptr to a null pointer and *n to zero are allowed and
a recommended way to start parsing a file.
The ferror() or feof() functions should be used to distinguish
between an error condition and an end-of-file condition.
Although a NUL terminator is always supplied after the line, note
that strlen(*lineptr) will be smaller than the return value if
the line contains embedded NUL characters.
Обоснование (Rationale)
These functions are widely used to solve the problem that the
fgets() function has with long lines. The functions automatically
enlarge the target buffers if needed. These are especially useful
since they reduce code needed for applications.
Будущие направления (Future directions)
None.
Смотри также (See also)
Section 2.5, Standard I/O Streams, fgetc(3p), fgets(3p),
free(3p), malloc(3p), realloc(3p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, stdio.h(0p)
