`getpwnam.3p` ( 3 )

поиск в базе данных пользователей по имени (search user database for a name)

Пролог (Prolog)

This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

Имя (Name)

getpwnam, getpwnam_r — search user database for a name

Синопсис (Synopsis)

#include <pwd.h>

struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *name); int getpwnam_r(const char *name, struct passwd *pwd, char *buffer, size_t bufsize, struct passwd **result);

Описание (Description)

The getpwnam() function shall search the user database for an entry with a matching name.

The getpwnam() function need not be thread-safe.

Applications wishing to check for error situations should set errno to 0 before calling getpwnam(). If getpwnam() returns a null pointer and errno is non-zero, an error occurred.

The getpwnam_r() function shall update the passwd structure pointed to by pwd and store a pointer to that structure at the location pointed to by result. The structure shall contain an entry from the user database with a matching name. Storage referenced by the structure is allocated from the memory provided with the buffer parameter, which is bufsize bytes in size. A call to sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX) returns either -1 without changing errno or an initial value suggested for the size of this buffer. A null pointer shall be returned at the location pointed to by result on error or if the requested entry is not found.

Возвращаемое значение (Return value)

The getpwnam() function shall return a pointer to a struct passwd with the structure as defined in <pwd.h> with a matching entry if found. A null pointer shall be returned if the requested entry is not found, or an error occurs. If the requested entry was not found, errno shall not be changed. On error, errno shall be set to indicate the error.

The application shall not modify the structure to which the return value points, nor any storage areas pointed to by pointers within the structure. The returned pointer, and pointers within the structure, might be invalidated or the structure or the storage areas might be overwritten by a subsequent call to getpwent(), getpwnam(), or getpwuid(). The returned pointer, and pointers within the structure, might also be invalidated if the calling thread is terminated.

The getpwnam_r() function shall return zero on success or if the requested entry was not found and no error has occurred. If an error has occurred, an error number shall be returned to indicate the error.

Ошибки (Error)

These functions may fail if:

EIO An I/O error has occurred.

EINTR A signal was caught during getpwnam().

EMFILE All file descriptors available to the process are currently open.

ENFILE The maximum allowable number of files is currently open in the system.

The getpwnam_r() function may fail if:

ERANGE Insufficient storage was supplied via buffer and bufsize to contain the data to be referenced by the resulting passwd structure.

The following sections are informative.

Примеры (Examples)

Note that sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX) may return -1 if there is
       no hard limit on the size of the buffer needed to store all the
       groups returned. This example shows how an application can
       allocate a buffer of sufficient size to work with getpwnam_r().

           long int initlen = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
           size_t len;
           if (initlen == -1)
               /* Default initial length. */
               len = 1024;
           else
               len = (size_t) initlen;
           struct passwd result;
           struct passwd *resultp;
           char *buffer = malloc(len);
           if (buffer == NULL)
               ...handle error...
           int e;
           while ((e = getpwnam_r("someuser", &result, buffer, len, &resultp))
                   == ERANGE)
               {
               size_t newlen = 2 * len;
               if (newlen < len)
                   ...handle error...
               len = newlen;
               char *newbuffer = realloc(buffer, len);
               if (newbuffer == NULL)
                   ...handle error...
               buffer = newbuffer;
               }
           if (e != 0)
               ...handle error...
           free (buffer);

   Getting an Entry for the Login Name
       The following example uses the getlogin() function to return the
       name of the user who logged in; this information is passed to the
       getpwnam() function to get the user database entry for that user.

           #include <sys/types.h>
           #include <pwd.h>
           #include <unistd.h>
           #include <stdio.h>
           #include <stdlib.h>
           ...
           char *lgn;
           struct passwd *pw;
           ...
           if ((lgn = getlogin()) == NULL || (pw = getpwnam(lgn)) == NULL) {
               fprintf(stderr, "Get of user information failed.\n"); exit(1);
           }
           ...

Использование в приложениях (Application usage)

Three names associated with the current process can be determined: getpwuid(geteuid()) returns the name associated with the effective user ID of the process; getlogin() returns the name associated with the current login activity; and getpwuid(getuid()) returns the name associated with the real user ID of the process.

The getpwnam_r() function is thread-safe and returns values in a user-supplied buffer instead of possibly using a static data area that may be overwritten by each call.

Portable applications should take into account that it is usual for an implementation to return -1 from sysconf() indicating that there is no maximum for _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX.

Обоснование (Rationale)

None.

Будущие направления (Future directions)