`kill.1p` ( 1 )

завершать или сигнализировать о процессах (terminate or signal processes)

Пролог (Prolog)

This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

Имя (Name)

kill — terminate or signal processes

Синопсис (Synopsis)

kill -s signal_name pid...

kill -l [exit_status]

kill [-signal_name] pid...

kill [-signal_number] pid...

Описание (Description)

The kill utility shall send a signal to the process or processes specified by each pid operand.

For each pid operand, the kill utility shall perform actions equivalent to the kill() function defined in the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017 called with the following arguments:

* The value of the pid operand shall be used as the pid argument.

* The sig argument is the value specified by the -s option, -signal_number option, or the -signal_name option, or by SIGTERM, if none of these options is specified.

Параметры (Options)

The kill utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of
       POSIX.1‐2017, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines, except
       that in the last two SYNOPSIS forms, the -signal_number and
       -signal_name options are usually more than a single character.

       The following options shall be supported:

       -l        (The letter ell.) Write all values of signal_name
                 supported by the implementation, if no operand is
                 given. If an exit_status operand is given and it is a
                 value of the '?'  shell special parameter (see Section
                 2.5.2, Special Parameters and wait) corresponding to a
                 process that was terminated by a signal, the
                 signal_name corresponding to the signal that terminated
                 the process shall be written. If an exit_status operand
                 is given and it is the unsigned decimal integer value
                 of a signal number, the signal_name (the symbolic
                 constant name without the SIG prefix defined in the
                 Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017) corresponding
                 to that signal shall be written. Otherwise, the results
                 are unspecified.

       -s signal_name
                 Specify the signal to send, using one of the symbolic
                 names defined in the <signal.h> header. Values of
                 signal_name shall be recognized in a case-independent
                 fashion, without the SIG prefix. In addition, the
                 symbolic name 0 shall be recognized, representing the
                 signal value zero. The corresponding signal shall be
                 sent instead of SIGTERM.

       -signal_name
                 Equivalent to -s signal_name.

       -signal_number
                 Specify a non-negative decimal integer, signal_number,
                 representing the signal to be used instead of SIGTERM,
                 as the sig argument in the effective call to kill().
                 The correspondence between integer values and the sig
                 value used is shown in the following list.

                 The effects of specifying any signal_number other than
                 those listed below are undefined.

                 0     0

                 1     SIGHUP

                 2     SIGINT

                 3     SIGQUIT

                 6     SIGABRT

                 9     SIGKILL

                 14    SIGALRM

                 15    SIGTERM

                 If the first argument is a negative integer, it shall
                 be interpreted as a -signal_number option, not as a
                 negative pid operand specifying a process group.

Операнды (Operands)

The following operands shall be supported:

pid One of the following:

1. A decimal integer specifying a process or process group to be signaled. The process or processes selected by positive, negative, and zero values of the pid operand shall be as described for the kill() function. If process number 0 is specified, all processes in the current process group shall be signaled. For the effects of negative pid numbers, see the kill() function defined in the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017. If the first pid operand is negative, it should be preceded by "--" to keep it from being interpreted as an option.

2. A job control job ID (see the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 3.204, Job Control Job ID) that identifies a background process group to be signaled. The job control job ID notation is applicable only for invocations of kill in the current shell execution environment; see Section 2.12, Shell Execution Environment.

exit_status A decimal integer specifying a signal number or the exit status of a process terminated by a signal.

Стандартный ввод (Stdin)

Not used.

Входные файлы (Input files)

None.

Переменные окружения (Environment variables)

The following environment variables shall affect the execution of kill:

LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)

LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.

LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).

LC_MESSAGES Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.

NLSPATH Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.

Асинхронные события (Asynchronous events)

Default.

Стандартный вывод (Stdout)

When the -l option is not specified, the standard output shall not be used.

When the -l option is specified, the symbolic name of each signal shall be written in the following format:

"%s%c", <signal_name>, <separator>

where the <signal_name> is in uppercase, without the SIG prefix, and the <separator> shall be either a <newline> or a <space>. For the last signal written, <separator> shall be a <newline>.

When both the -l option and exit_status operand are specified, the symbolic name of the corresponding signal shall be written in the following format:

"%s\n", <signal_name>

Стандартный вывод сообщений (Stderr)

The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

Выходные файлы (Output files)

None.

Расширенное описание (Extended description)

None.

Статус выхода (Exit)

The following exit values shall be returned:

0 At least one matching process was found for each pid operand, and the specified signal was successfully processed for at least one matching process.

>0 An error occurred.

Последствия ошибок (Consequences of errors)

Default.

The following sections are informative.

Использование в приложениях (Application usage)

Process numbers can be found by using ps.

The job control job ID notation is not required to work as expected when kill is operating in its own utility execution environment. In either of the following examples:

nohup kill %1 & system("kill %1");

the kill operates in a different environment and does not share the shell's understanding of job numbers.

Примеры (Examples)

Any of the commands:

           kill -9 100 -165
           kill -s kill 100 -165
           kill -s KILL 100 -165

       sends the SIGKILL signal to the process whose process ID is 100
       and to all processes whose process group ID is 165, assuming the
       sending process has permission to send that signal to the
       specified processes, and that they exist.

       The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017 and this volume of
       POSIX.1‐2017 do not require specific signal numbers for any
       signal_names.  Even the -signal_number option provides symbolic
       (although numeric) names for signals. If a process is terminated
       by a signal, its exit status indicates the signal that killed it,
       but the exact values are not specified. The kill -l option,
       however, can be used to map decimal signal numbers and exit
       status values into the name of a signal. The following example
       reports the status of a terminated job:

           job
           stat=$?
           if [ $stat -eq 0 ]
           then
               echo job completed successfully.
           elif [ $stat -gt 128 ]
           then
               echo job terminated by signal SIG$(kill -l $stat).
           else
               echo job terminated with error code $stat.
           fi

       To send the default signal to a process group (say 123), an
       application should use a command similar to one of the following:

           kill -TERM -123
           kill -- -123

Обоснование (Rationale)

The -l option originated from the C shell, and is also implemented in the KornShell. The C shell output can consist of multiple output lines because the signal names do not always fit on a single line on some terminal screens. The KornShell output also included the implementation-defined signal numbers and was considered by the standard developers to be too difficult for scripts to parse conveniently. The specified output format is intended not only to accommodate the historical C shell output, but also to permit an entirely vertical or entirely horizontal listing on systems for which this is appropriate.

An early proposal invented the name SIGNULL as a signal_name for signal 0 (used by the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017 to test for the existence of a process without sending it a signal). Since the signal_name 0 can be used in this case unambiguously, SIGNULL has been removed.

An early proposal also required symbolic signal_names to be recognized with or without the SIG prefix. Historical versions of kill have not written the SIG prefix for the -l option and have not recognized the SIG prefix on signal_names. Since neither applications portability nor ease-of-use would be improved by requiring this extension, it is no longer required.

To avoid an ambiguity of an initial negative number argument specifying either a signal number or a process group, POSIX.1‐2008 mandates that it is always considered the former by implementations that support the XSI option. It also requires that conforming applications always use the "--" options terminator argument when specifying a process group, unless an option is also specified.

The -s option was added in response to international interest in providing some form of kill that meets the Utility Syntax Guidelines.

The job control job ID notation is not required to work as expected when kill is operating in its own utility execution environment. In either of the following examples:

nohup kill %1 & system("kill %1");

the kill operates in a different environment and does not understand how the shell has managed its job numbers.

Будущие направления (Future directions)

None.

Смотри также (See also)

Chapter 2, Shell Command Language, ps(1p), wait(1p)

The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 3.204, Job Control Job ID, Chapter 8, Environment Variables, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines, signal.h(0p)

The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017, kill(3p)

Исходный текст на man7.org

kill.1p ( 1 )

Пролог (Prolog)

Имя (Name)

Синопсис (Synopsis)

Описание (Description)

Параметры (Options)

Операнды (Operands)

Стандартный ввод (Stdin)

Входные файлы (Input files)

Переменные окружения (Environment variables)

Асинхронные события (Asynchronous events)

Стандартный вывод (Stdout)

Стандартный вывод сообщений (Stderr)

Выходные файлы (Output files)

Расширенное описание (Extended description)

Статус выхода (Exit)

Последствия ошибок (Consequences of errors)

Использование в приложениях (Application usage)

Примеры (Examples)

Обоснование (Rationale)

Будущие направления (Future directions)

Смотри также (See also)

`kill.1p` ( 1 )