операции управления семафором XSI (XSI semaphore control operations)
Пролог (Prolog)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
Имя (Name)
semctl — XSI semaphore control operations
Синопсис (Synopsis)
#include <sys/sem.h>
int semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, ...);
Описание (Description)
The semctl() function operates on XSI semaphores (see the Base
Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 4.17, Semaphore). It
is unspecified whether this function interoperates with the
realtime interprocess communication facilities defined in Section
2.8, Realtime.
The semctl() function provides a variety of semaphore control
operations as specified by cmd. The fourth argument is optional
and depends upon the operation requested. If required, it is of
type union semun, which the application shall explicitly declare:
union semun {
int val;
struct semid_ds *buf;
unsigned short *array;
} arg;
Each operation shall be performed atomically.
The following semaphore control operations as specified by cmd
are executed with respect to the semaphore specified by semid and
semnum. The level of permission required for each operation is
shown with each command; see Section 2.7, XSI Interprocess
Communication. The symbolic names for the values of cmd are
defined in the <sys/sem.h> header:
GETVAL Return the value of semval; see <sys/sem.h>.
Requires read permission.
SETVAL Set the value of semval to arg.val, where arg is the
value of the fourth argument to semctl(). When this
command is successfully executed, the semadj value
corresponding to the specified semaphore in all
processes is cleared. Also, the sem_ctime timestamp
shall be set to the current time, as described in
Section 2.7.1, IPC General Description. Requires
alter permission; see Section 2.7, XSI Interprocess
Communication.
GETPID Return the value of sempid. Requires read
permission.
GETNCNT Return the value of semncnt. Requires read
permission.
GETZCNT Return the value of semzcnt. Requires read
permission.
The following values of cmd operate on each semval in the set of
semaphores:
GETALL Return the value of semval for each semaphore in the
semaphore set and place into the array pointed to by
arg.array, where arg is the fourth argument to
semctl(). Requires read permission.
SETALL Set the value of semval for each semaphore in the
semaphore set according to the array pointed to by
arg.array, where arg is the fourth argument to
semctl(). When this command is successfully
executed, the semadj values corresponding to each
specified semaphore in all processes are cleared.
Also, the sem_ctime timestamp shall be set to the
current time, as described in Section 2.7.1, IPC
General Description. Requires alter permission.
The following values of cmd are also available:
IPC_STAT Place the current value of each member of the
semid_ds data structure associated with semid into
the structure pointed to by arg.buf, where arg is the
fourth argument to semctl(). The contents of this
structure are defined in <sys/sem.h>. Requires read
permission.
IPC_SET Set the value of the following members of the
semid_ds data structure associated with semid to the
corresponding value found in the structure pointed to
by arg.buf, where arg is the fourth argument to
semctl():
sem_perm.uid
sem_perm.gid
sem_perm.mode
The mode bits specified in Section 2.7.1, IPC General
Description are copied into the corresponding bits of
the sem_perm.mode associated with semid. The stored
values of any other bits are unspecified. The
sem_ctime timestamp shall be set to the current time,
as described in Section 2.7.1, IPC General
Description.
This command can only be executed by a process that
has an effective user ID equal to either that of a
process with appropriate privileges or to the value
of sem_perm.cuid or sem_perm.uid in the semid_ds data
structure associated with semid.
IPC_RMID Remove the semaphore identifier specified by semid
from the system and destroy the set of semaphores and
semid_ds data structure associated with it. This
command can only be executed by a process that has an
effective user ID equal to either that of a process
with appropriate privileges or to the value of
sem_perm.cuid or sem_perm.uid in the semid_ds data
structure associated with semid.
Возвращаемое значение (Return value)
If successful, the value returned by semctl() depends on cmd as
follows:
GETVAL The value of semval.
GETPID The value of sempid.
GETNCNT The value of semncnt.
GETZCNT The value of semzcnt.
All others 0.
Otherwise, semctl() shall return -1 and set errno to indicate the
error.
Ошибки (Error)
The semctl() function shall fail if:
EACCES Operation permission is denied to the calling process; see
Section 2.7, XSI Interprocess Communication.
EINVAL The value of semid is not a valid semaphore identifier, or
the value of semnum is less than 0 or greater than or
equal to sem_nsems, or the value of cmd is not a valid
command.
EPERM The argument cmd is equal to IPC_RMID or IPC_SET and the
effective user ID of the calling process is not equal to
that of a process with appropriate privileges and it is
not equal to the value of sem_perm.cuid or sem_perm.uid in
the data structure associated with semid.
ERANGE The argument cmd is equal to SETVAL or SETALL and the
value to which semval is to be set is greater than the
system-imposed maximum.
The following sections are informative.
Примеры (Examples)
Refer to semop(3p).
Использование в приложениях (Application usage)
The fourth parameter in the SYNOPSIS section is now specified as
"..." in order to avoid a clash with the ISO C standard when
referring to the union semun (as defined in Issue 3) and for
backwards-compatibility.
The POSIX Realtime Extension defines alternative interfaces for
interprocess communication. Application developers who need to
use IPC should design their applications so that modules using
the IPC routines described in Section 2.7, XSI Interprocess
Communication can be easily modified to use the alternative
interfaces.
Обоснование (Rationale)
None.
Будущие направления (Future directions)
None.
Смотри также (See also)
Section 2.7, XSI Interprocess Communication, Section 2.8,
Realtime, semget(3p), semop(3p), sem_close(3p), sem_destroy(3p),
sem_getvalue(3p), sem_init(3p), sem_open(3p), sem_post(3p),
sem_trywait(3p), sem_unlink(3p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 4.17,
Semaphore, sys_sem.h(0p)
