Справочник по консольным командам Toybox для Android 12


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Путь: Toys/Pending, команды версии: Ver.4     Ver.9


dhcp

Комментарии в файле dhcp.c :

usage: dhcp [-fbnqvoCRB] [-i IFACE] [-r IP] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE]

[-H ИМЯ ХОСТА] [-V ПОСТАВЩИК] [-x ОПЦИЯ:ВАЛ] [-O ОПЦИЯ] Динамическая настройка сети с использованием DHCP.
  • -i Используемый интерфейс (по умолчанию eth0)
  • -p Создать pidfile
  • -s Запускать PROG при событиях DHCP (по умолчанию /usr/share/dhcp/default.script)
  • -B Запрашивать широковещательные ответы
  • -t Отправлять до N пакетов обнаружения
  • -T Пауза между пакетами (по умолчанию 3 секунды)
  • -A Подождать N секунд после сбоя ( по умолчанию 20)
  • -f Запустить в фоновом
  • -b режиме, если аренда не получена
  • -n Выйти, если аренда не получена
  • -q Выйти после получения аренды
  • -R Освободить IP-адрес при выходе
  • -S Запись в системный журнал также
  • -a Использовать arping для проверки предложенного адреса
  • -O Запросить опцию OPT с сервера (кумулятивно)
  • -o Не ??запрашивать никаких опций (если не указано -O)
  • -r Запросить этот IP-адрес
  • -x OPT:VAL Включить опцию OPT в отправляемые пакеты (совокупно)
  • -F Попросить сервер обновить DNS-сопоставление для NAME
  • -H Отправить NAME в качестве имени хоста клиента (по умолчанию нет)
  • -V VENDOR Идентификатор поставщика (по умолчанию «toybox VERSION»)
  • -C Не отправлять MAC в качестве идентификатора клиента
  • -v Verbose Сигналы: USR1 Продлить текущую аренду USR2 Освободить текущую аренду

  • usage: dhcp [-fbnqvoCRB] [-i IFACE] [-r IP] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE]

    [-H HOSTNAME] [-V VENDOR] [-x OPT:VAL] [-O OPT] Configure network dynamically using DHCP.
  • -i Interface to use (default eth0)
  • -p Create pidfile
  • -s Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/dhcp/default.script)
  • -B Request broadcast replies
  • -t Send up to N discover packets
  • -T Pause between packets (default 3 seconds)
  • -A Wait N seconds after failure (default 20)
  • -f Run in foreground
  • -b Background if lease is not obtained
  • -n Exit if lease is not obtained
  • -q Exit after obtaining lease
  • -R Release IP on exit
  • -S Log to syslog too
  • -a Use arping to validate offered address
  • -O Request option OPT from server (cumulative)
  • -o Don't request any options (unless -O is given)
  • -r Request this IP address
  • -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative)
  • -F Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME
  • -H Send NAME as client hostname (default none)
  • -V VENDOR Vendor identifier (default 'toybox VERSION')
  • -C Don't send MAC as client identifier
  • -v Verbose Signals: USR1 Renew current lease USR2 Release current lease

  • Исходный текст в файле dhcp.c

    #define FOR_dhcp
    #include "toys.h"
    
    // TODO: headers not in posix:
    #include <netinet/ip.h>
    #include <netinet/udp.h>
    #include <netpacket/packet.h>
    
    #include <linux/filter.h> //FIXME: linux specific. fix for other OS ports
    #include <linux/if_ether.h>
    
    GLOBALS(
        char *iface;
        char *pidfile;
        char *script;
        long retries;
        long timeout;
        long tryagain;
        struct arg_list *req_opt;
        char *req_ip;
        struct arg_list *pkt_opt;
        char *fdn_name;
        char *hostname;
        char *vendor_cls;
    )
    
    #define STATE_INIT            0
    #define STATE_REQUESTING      1
    #define STATE_BOUND           2
    #define STATE_RENEWING        3
    #define STATE_REBINDING       4
    #define STATE_RENEW_REQUESTED 5
    #define STATE_RELEASED        6
    
    #define BOOTP_BROADCAST   0x8000
    #define DHCP_MAGIC        0x63825363
    
    #define DHCP_REQUEST          1
    #define DHCP_REPLY            2
    #define DHCP_HTYPE_ETHERNET   1
    
    #define DHCPC_SERVER_PORT     67
    #define DHCPC_CLIENT_PORT     68
    
    #define DHCPDISCOVER      1
    #define DHCPOFFER         2
    #define DHCPREQUEST       3
    #define DHCPACK           5
    #define DHCPNAK           6
    #define DHCPRELEASE       7
    
    #define DHCP_OPTION_PADDING     0x00
    #define DHCP_OPTION_SUBNET_MASK 0x01
    #define DHCP_OPTION_ROUTER      0x03
    #define DHCP_OPTION_DNS_SERVER  0x06
    #define DHCP_OPTION_HOST_NAME   0x0c
    #define DHCP_OPTION_BROADCAST   0x1c
    #define DHCP_OPTION_REQ_IPADDR  0x32
    #define DHCP_OPTION_LEASE_TIME  0x33
    #define DHCP_OPTION_OVERLOAD    0x34
    #define DHCP_OPTION_MSG_TYPE    0x35
    #define DHCP_OPTION_SERVER_ID   0x36
    #define DHCP_OPTION_REQ_LIST    0x37
    #define DHCP_OPTION_MAX_SIZE    0x39
    #define DHCP_OPTION_CLIENTID    0x3D
    #define DHCP_OPTION_VENDOR      0x3C
    #define DHCP_OPTION_FQDN        0x51
    #define DHCP_OPTION_END         0xFF
    
    #define DHCP_NUM8           (1<<8)
    #define DHCP_NUM16          (1<<9)
    #define DHCP_NUM32          DHCP_NUM16 | DHCP_NUM8
    #define DHCP_STRING         (1<<10)
    #define DHCP_STRLST         (1<<11)
    #define DHCP_IP             (1<<12)
    #define DHCP_IPLIST         (1<<13)
    #define DHCP_IPPLST         (1<<14)
    #define DHCP_STCRTS         (1<<15)
    
    #define LOG_SILENT          0x0
    #define LOG_CONSOLE         0x1
    #define LOG_SYSTEM          0x2
    
    #define MODE_OFF        0
    #define MODE_RAW        1
    #define MODE_APP        2
    
    static void (*dbg)(char *format, ...);
    static void dummy(char *format, ...){
      return;
    }
    
    typedef struct dhcpc_result_s {
      struct in_addr serverid;
      struct in_addr ipaddr;
      struct in_addr netmask;
      struct in_addr dnsaddr;
      struct in_addr default_router;
      uint32_t lease_time;
    } dhcpc_result_t;
    
    typedef struct __attribute__((packed)) dhcp_msg_s {
      uint8_t op;
      uint8_t htype;
      uint8_t hlen;
      uint8_t hops;
      uint32_t xid;
      uint16_t secs;
      uint16_t flags;
      uint32_t ciaddr;
      uint32_t yiaddr;
      uint32_t nsiaddr;
      uint32_t ngiaddr;
      uint8_t chaddr[16];
      uint8_t sname[64];
      uint8_t file[128];
      uint32_t cookie;
      uint8_t options[308];
    } dhcp_msg_t;
    
    typedef struct __attribute__((packed)) dhcp_raw_s {
      struct iphdr iph;
      struct udphdr udph;
      dhcp_msg_t dhcp;
    } dhcp_raw_t;
    
    typedef struct dhcpc_state_s {
      uint8_t macaddr[6];
       char *iface;
      int ifindex;
      int sockfd;
      int status;
      int mode;
      uint32_t mask;
      struct in_addr ipaddr;
      struct in_addr serverid;
      dhcp_msg_t pdhcp;
    } dhcpc_state_t;
    
    typedef struct option_val_s {
      char *key;
      uint16_t code;
      void *val;
      size_t len;
    } option_val_t;
    
    struct fd_pair { int rd; int wr; };
    static uint32_t xid;
    static dhcpc_state_t *state;
    static struct fd_pair sigfd;
    uint8_t bmacaddr[6] = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
     int set = 1;
    uint8_t infomode = LOG_CONSOLE;
    uint8_t raw_opt[29];
    int raw_optcount = 0;
    struct arg_list *x_opt;
    in_addr_t server = 0;
    
    static option_val_t *msgopt_list = NULL;
    static option_val_t options_list[] = {
        {"lease"          , DHCP_NUM32  | 0x33, NULL, 0},
        {"subnet"         , DHCP_IP     | 0x01, NULL, 0},
        {"broadcast"      , DHCP_IP     | 0x1c, NULL, 0},
        {"router"         , DHCP_IP     | 0x03, NULL, 0},
        {"ipttl"          , DHCP_NUM8   | 0x17, NULL, 0},
        {"mtu"            , DHCP_NUM16  | 0x1a, NULL, 0},
        {"hostname"       , DHCP_STRING | 0x0c, NULL, 0},
        {"domain"         , DHCP_STRING | 0x0f, NULL, 0},
        {"search"         , DHCP_STRLST | 0x77, NULL, 0},
        {"nisdomain"      , DHCP_STRING | 0x28, NULL, 0},
        {"timezone"       , DHCP_NUM32  | 0x02, NULL, 0},
        {"tftp"           , DHCP_STRING | 0x42, NULL, 0},
        {"bootfile"       , DHCP_STRING | 0x43, NULL, 0},
        {"bootsize"       , DHCP_NUM16  | 0x0d, NULL, 0},
        {"rootpath"       , DHCP_STRING | 0x11, NULL, 0},
        {"wpad"           , DHCP_STRING | 0xfc, NULL, 0},
        {"serverid"       , DHCP_IP     | 0x36, NULL, 0},
        {"message"        , DHCP_STRING | 0x38, NULL, 0},
        {"vlanid"         , DHCP_NUM32  | 0x84, NULL, 0},
        {"vlanpriority"   , DHCP_NUM32  | 0x85, NULL, 0},
        {"dns"            , DHCP_IPLIST | 0x06, NULL, 0},
        {"wins"           , DHCP_IPLIST | 0x2c, NULL, 0},
        {"nissrv"         , DHCP_IPLIST | 0x29, NULL, 0},
        {"ntpsrv"         , DHCP_IPLIST | 0x2a, NULL, 0},
        {"lprsrv"         , DHCP_IPLIST | 0x09, NULL, 0},
        {"swapsrv"        , DHCP_IP     | 0x10, NULL, 0},
        {"routes"         , DHCP_STCRTS | 0x21, NULL, 0},
        {"staticroutes"   , DHCP_STCRTS | 0x79, NULL, 0},
        {"msstaticroutes" , DHCP_STCRTS | 0xf9, NULL, 0},
    };
    
    static  struct sock_filter filter_instr[] = {
        BPF_STMT(BPF_LD|BPF_B|BPF_ABS, 9),
        BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP|BPF_JEQ|BPF_K, IPPROTO_UDP, 0, 6),
        BPF_STMT(BPF_LD|BPF_H|BPF_ABS, 6),
        BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP|BPF_JSET|BPF_K, 0x1fff, 4, 0),
        BPF_STMT(BPF_LDX|BPF_B|BPF_MSH, 0), BPF_STMT(BPF_LD|BPF_H|BPF_IND, 2),
        BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP|BPF_JEQ|BPF_K, 68, 0, 1),
        BPF_STMT(BPF_RET|BPF_K, 0xffffffff), BPF_STMT(BPF_RET|BPF_K, 0),
    };
    
    static  struct sock_fprog filter_prog = {
        .len = ARRAY_LEN(filter_instr), 
        .filter = (struct sock_filter *) filter_instr,
    };
    
    // calculate options size.
    static int dhcp_opt_size(uint8_t *optionptr)
    {
      int i = 0;
      for(;optionptr[i] != 0xff; i++) if(optionptr[i] != 0x00) i += optionptr[i + 1] + 2 -1;
      return i;
    }
    
    // calculates checksum for dhcp messages.
    static uint16_t dhcp_checksum(void *addr, int count)
    {
      int32_t sum = 0;
      uint16_t tmp = 0, *source = (uint16_t *)addr;
    
      while (count > 1)  {
        sum += *source++;
        count -= 2;
      }
      if (count > 0) {
        *(uint8_t*)&tmp = *(uint8_t*)source;
        sum += tmp;
      }
      while (sum >> 16) sum = (sum & 0xffff) + (sum >> 16);
      return ~sum;
    }
    
    // gets information of INTERFACE and updates IFINDEX, MAC and IP
    static int get_interface( char *interface, int *ifindex, uint32_t *oip, uint8_t *mac)
    {
      struct ifreq req;
      struct sockaddr_in *ip;
      int fd = xsocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
    
      req.ifr_addr.sa_family = AF_INET;
      xstrncpy(req.ifr_name, interface, IFNAMSIZ);
      req.ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ-1] = '\0';
    
      xioctl(fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &req);
      if (!(req.ifr_flags & IFF_UP)) return -1;
    
      if (oip) {
        xioctl(fd, SIOCGIFADDR, &req);
        ip = (struct sockaddr_in*) &req.ifr_addr;
        dbg("IP %s\n", inet_ntoa(ip->sin_addr));
        *oip = ntohl(ip->sin_addr.s_addr);
      }
      if (ifindex) {
        xioctl(fd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &req);
        dbg("Adapter index %d\n", req.ifr_ifindex);
        *ifindex = req.ifr_ifindex;
      }
      if (mac) {
        xioctl(fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &req);
        memcpy(mac, req.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, 6);
        dbg("MAC %02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x\n", mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3], mac[4], mac[5]);
      }
      close(fd);
      return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     *logs messeges to syslog or console
     *opening the log is still left with applet.
     *FIXME: move to more relevent lib. probably libc.c
     */
    static void infomsg(uint8_t infomode,  char *s, ...)
    {
      int used;
      char *msg;
      va_list p, t;
    
      if (infomode == LOG_SILENT) return;
      va_start(p, s);
      va_copy(t, p);
      used = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, s, t);
      used++;
      va_end(t);
    
      msg = xmalloc(used);
      vsnprintf(msg, used, s, p);
      va_end(p);
    
      if (infomode & LOG_SYSTEM) syslog(LOG_INFO, "%s", msg);
      if (infomode & LOG_CONSOLE) printf("%s\n", msg);
      free(msg);
    }
    
    /*
     * Writes self PID in file PATH
     * FIXME: libc implementation only writes in /var/run
     * this is more generic as some implemenation may provide
     * arguments to write in specific file. as dhcpd does.
     */
    static void write_pid(char *path)
    {
      int pidfile = open(path, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0666);
      if (pidfile > 0) {
        char pidbuf[12];
    
        sprintf(pidbuf, "%u", (unsigned)getpid());
        write(pidfile, pidbuf, strlen(pidbuf));
        close(pidfile);
      }
    }
    
    // String STR to UINT32 conversion strored in VAR
    static long strtou32( char *str)
    {
      char *endptr = NULL;
      int base = 10;
      errno=0;
      if (str[0]=='0' && (str[1]=='x' || str[1]=='X')) {
        base = 16;
        str+=2;
      }
      long ret_val = strtol(str, &endptr, base);
      if (errno) return -1;
      else if (endptr && (*endptr!='\0'||endptr == str)) return -1;
      return ret_val;
    }
    
    // IP String STR to binary data.
    static int striptovar( char *str, void *var)
    {
      in_addr_t addr;
      if(!str) error_exit("NULL address string.");
      addr = inet_addr(str);
      if(addr == -1) error_exit("Wrong address %s.",str );
      *((uint32_t*)(var)) = (uint32_t)addr;
      return 0;
    }
    
    // String to dhcp option conversion
    static int strtoopt( char *str, uint8_t optonly)
    {
      char *option, *valstr, *grp, *tp;
      long optcode = 0, convtmp;
      uint16_t flag = 0;
      uint32_t mask, nip, router;
      int count, size = ARRAY_LEN(options_list);
    
      if (!*str) return 0;
      option = strtok((char*)str, ":");
      if (!option) return -1;
    
      dbg("-x option : %s ", option);
      optcode = strtou32(option);
    
      if (optcode > 0 && optcode < 256) {         // raw option
        for (count = 0; count < size; count++) {
          if ((options_list[count].code & 0X00FF) == optcode) {
            flag = (options_list[count].code & 0XFF00);
            break;
          }
        }
        if (count == size) error_exit("Obsolete OR Unknown Option : %s", option);
      } else {    // string option
        for (count = 0; count < size; count++) {
          if (!strcmp(options_list[count].key, option)) {
            flag = (options_list[count].code & 0XFF00);
            optcode = (options_list[count].code & 0X00FF);
            break;
          }
        }
        if (count == size) error_exit("Obsolete OR Unknown Option : %s", option);
      }
      if (!flag || !optcode) return -1;
      if (optonly) return optcode;
    
      valstr = strtok(NULL, "\n");
      if (!valstr) error_exit("option %s has no value defined.\n", option);
      dbg(" value : %-20s \n ", valstr);
      switch (flag) {
      case DHCP_NUM32:
        options_list[count].len = sizeof(uint32_t);
        options_list[count].val = xmalloc(sizeof(uint32_t));
        convtmp = strtou32(valstr);
        if (convtmp < 0) error_exit("Invalid/wrong formatted number %s", valstr);
        convtmp = htonl(convtmp);
        memcpy(options_list[count].val, &convtmp, sizeof(uint32_t));
        break;
      case DHCP_NUM16:
        options_list[count].len = sizeof(uint16_t);
        options_list[count].val = xmalloc(sizeof(uint16_t));
        convtmp = strtou32(valstr);
        if (convtmp < 0) error_exit("Invalid/malformed number %s", valstr);
        convtmp = htons(convtmp);
        memcpy(options_list[count].val, &convtmp, sizeof(uint16_t));
        break;
      case DHCP_NUM8:
        options_list[count].len = sizeof(uint8_t);
        options_list[count].val = xmalloc(sizeof(uint8_t));
        convtmp = strtou32(valstr);
        if (convtmp < 0) error_exit("Invalid/malformed number %s", valstr);
        memcpy(options_list[count].val, &convtmp, sizeof(uint8_t));
        break;
      case DHCP_IP:
        options_list[count].len = sizeof(uint32_t);
        options_list[count].val = xmalloc(sizeof(uint32_t));
        striptovar(valstr, options_list[count].val);
        break;
      case DHCP_STRING:
        options_list[count].len = strlen(valstr);
        options_list[count].val = strdup(valstr);
        break;
      case DHCP_IPLIST:
        while(valstr){
          options_list[count].val = xrealloc(options_list[count].val, options_list[count].len + sizeof(uint32_t));
          striptovar(valstr, ((uint8_t*)options_list[count].val)+options_list[count].len);
          options_list[count].len += sizeof(uint32_t);
          valstr = strtok(NULL," \t");
        }
        break;
      case DHCP_STRLST: 
      case DHCP_IPPLST:
        break;
      case DHCP_STCRTS:
        /* Option binary format:
         * mask [one byte, 0..32]
         * ip [0..4 bytes depending on mask]
         * router [4 bytes]
         * may be repeated
         * staticroutes 10.0.0.0/8 10.127.0.1, 10.11.12.0/24 10.11.12.1
         */
        grp = strtok(valstr, ",");;
        while(grp){
          while(*grp == ' ' || *grp == '\t') grp++;
          tp = strchr(grp, '/');
          if (!tp) error_exit("malformed static route option");
          *tp = '\0';
          mask = strtol(++tp, &tp, 10);
          if (striptovar(grp, (uint8_t*)&nip) < 0) error_exit("malformed static route option");
          while(*tp == ' ' || *tp == '\t' || *tp == '-') tp++;
          if (striptovar(tp, (uint8_t*)&router) < 0) error_exit("malformed static route option");
          options_list[count].val = xrealloc(options_list[count].val, options_list[count].len + 1 + mask/8 + 4);
          memcpy(((uint8_t*)options_list[count].val)+options_list[count].len, &mask, 1);
          options_list[count].len += 1;
          memcpy(((uint8_t*)options_list[count].val)+options_list[count].len, &nip, mask/8);
          options_list[count].len += mask/8;
          memcpy(((uint8_t*)options_list[count].val)+options_list[count].len, &router, 4);
          options_list[count].len += 4;
          tp = NULL;
          grp = strtok(NULL, ",");
        }
        break;
      }
      return 0;
    }
    
    // Creates environment pointers from RES to use in script
    static int fill_envp(dhcpc_result_t *res)
    {
      struct in_addr temp;
      int size = ARRAY_LEN(options_list), count, ret = -1;
    
      ret = setenv("interface", state->iface, 1);
      if (!res) return ret;
      if (res->ipaddr.s_addr) {
          temp.s_addr = htonl(res->ipaddr.s_addr);
          ret = setenv("ip", inet_ntoa(temp), 1);
          if (ret) return ret;
      }
      if (msgopt_list) {
        for (count = 0; count < size; count++) {
            if ((msgopt_list[count].len == 0) || (msgopt_list[count].val == NULL)) continue;
            ret = setenv(msgopt_list[count].key, (char*)msgopt_list[count].val, 1);
            if (ret) return ret;
          }
      }
      return ret;
    }
    
    // Executes Script NAME.
    static void run_script(dhcpc_result_t *res,  char *name)
    {
      volatile int error = 0;
      pid_t pid;
      char *argv[3];
      struct stat sts;
      char *script = (toys.optflags & FLAG_s) ? TT.script
        : "/usr/share/dhcp/default.script";
    
      if (stat(script, &sts) == -1 && errno == ENOENT) return;
      if (fill_envp(res)) {
        dbg("Failed to create environment variables.");
        return;
      }
      dbg("Executing %s %s\n", script, name);
      argv[0] = (char*) script;
      argv[1] = (char*) name;
      argv[2] = NULL;
      fflush(NULL);
    
      pid = vfork();
      if (pid < 0) {
        dbg("Fork failed.\n");
        return;
      }
      if (!pid) {
        execvp(argv[0], argv);
        error = errno;
        _exit(111);
      }
      if (error) {
        waitpid(pid, NULL,0);
        errno = error;
        perror_msg("script exec failed");
      }
      dbg("script complete.\n");
    }
    
    // returns a randome ID
    static uint32_t getxid(void)
    {
      uint32_t randnum;
      int fd = xopenro("/dev/urandom");
    
    // TODO xreadfile
      xreadall(fd, &randnum, sizeof(randnum));
      xclose(fd);
      return randnum;
    }
    
    // opens socket in raw mode.
    static int mode_raw(void)
    {
      state->mode = MODE_OFF;
      struct sockaddr_ll sock;
    
      if (state->sockfd > 0) close(state->sockfd);
      dbg("Opening raw socket on ifindex %d\n", state->ifindex);
    
      state->sockfd = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_DGRAM, htons(ETH_P_IP));
      if (state->sockfd < 0) {
        dbg("MODE RAW : socket fail ERROR : %d\n", state->sockfd);
        return -1;
      }
      dbg("Got raw socket fd %d\n", state->sockfd);
      memset(&sock, 0, sizeof(sock));
      sock.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
      sock.sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_IP);
      sock.sll_ifindex = state->ifindex;
    
      if (bind(state->sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &sock, sizeof(sock))) {
        dbg("MODE RAW : bind fail.\n");
        close(state->sockfd);
        return -1;
      }
      state->mode = MODE_RAW;
      if (setsockopt(state->sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_FILTER, &filter_prog, sizeof(filter_prog)) < 0)
        dbg("MODE RAW : filter attach fail.\n");
    
      dbg("MODE RAW : success\n");
      return 0;
    }
    
    // opens UDP socket
    static int mode_app(void)
    {
      struct sockaddr_in addr;
      struct ifreq ifr;
    
      state->mode = MODE_OFF;
      if (state->sockfd > 0) close(state->sockfd);
    
      dbg("Opening listen socket on *:%d %s\n", DHCPC_CLIENT_PORT, state->iface);
      state->sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
      if (state->sockfd < 0) {
        dbg("MODE APP : socket fail ERROR: %d\n", state->sockfd);
        return -1;
      }
      setsockopt(state->sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &set, sizeof(set));
      if (setsockopt(state->sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &set, sizeof(set)) == -1) {
        dbg("MODE APP : brodcast failed.\n");
        close(state->sockfd);
        return -1;
      }
      xstrncpy(ifr.ifr_name, state->iface, IFNAMSIZ);
      ifr.ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ -1] = '\0';
      setsockopt(state->sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, &ifr, sizeof(ifr));
    
      memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
      addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
      addr.sin_port = htons(DHCPC_CLIENT_PORT);
      addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY ;
    
      if (bind(state->sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr))) {
        close(state->sockfd);
        dbg("MODE APP : bind failed.\n");
        return -1;
      }
      state->mode = MODE_APP;
      dbg("MODE APP : success\n");
      return 0;
    }
    
    static int read_raw(void)
    {
      dhcp_raw_t packet;
      int bytes = 0;
    
      memset(&packet, 0, sizeof(packet));
      if ((bytes = read(state->sockfd, &packet, sizeof(packet))) < 0) {
        dbg("\tPacket read error, ignoring\n");
        return bytes;
      }
      if (bytes < (int) (sizeof(packet.iph) + sizeof(packet.udph))) {
        dbg("\tPacket is too short, ignoring\n");
        return -2;
      }
      if (bytes < ntohs(packet.iph.tot_len)) {
        dbg("\tOversized packet, ignoring\n");
        return -2;
      }
      // ignore any extra garbage bytes
      bytes = ntohs(packet.iph.tot_len);
      // make sure its the right packet for us, and that it passes sanity checks 
      if (packet.iph.protocol != IPPROTO_UDP || packet.iph.version != IPVERSION
       || packet.iph.ihl != (sizeof(packet.iph) >> 2)
       || packet.udph.dest != htons(DHCPC_CLIENT_PORT)
       || ntohs(packet.udph.len) != (uint16_t)(bytes - sizeof(packet.iph))) {
        dbg("\tUnrelated/bogus packet, ignoring\n");
        return -2;
      }
      // Verify IP checksum.
      if (dhcp_checksum(&packet.iph, sizeof(packet.iph)) != 0) {
        dbg("\tBad IP header checksum, ignoring\n");
        return -2;
      }
      // Verify UDP checksum. From RFC 768, the UDP checksum is done over the IPv4
      // pseudo header, the UDP header and the UDP data. The IPv4 pseudo header
      // includes saddr, daddr, protocol, and UDP length. The IP header has to be
      // modified for this.
      memset(&packet.iph, 0, ((size_t) &((struct iphdr *)0)->protocol));
      packet.iph.check = 0;
      packet.iph.tot_len = packet.udph.len;
      if (packet.udph.check != 0 && dhcp_checksum(&packet, bytes) != 0) {
        dbg("\tPacket with bad UDP checksum received, ignoring\n");
        return -2;
      }
      memcpy(&state->pdhcp, &packet.dhcp, bytes - (sizeof(packet.iph) + sizeof(packet.udph)));
      if (state->pdhcp.cookie != htonl(DHCP_MAGIC)) {
        dbg("\tPacket with bad magic, ignoring\n");
        return -2;
      }
      return bytes - sizeof(packet.iph) - sizeof(packet.udph);
    }
    
    static int read_app(void)
    {
      int ret;
    
      memset(&state->pdhcp, 0, sizeof(dhcp_msg_t));
      if ((ret = read(state->sockfd, &state->pdhcp, sizeof(dhcp_msg_t))) < 0) {
        dbg("Packet read error, ignoring\n");
        return ret; /* returns -1 */
      }
      if (state->pdhcp.cookie != htonl(DHCP_MAGIC)) {
        dbg("Packet with bad magic, ignoring\n");
        return -2;
      }
      return ret;
    }
    
    // Sends data through raw socket.
    static int send_raw(void)
    {
      struct sockaddr_ll dest_sll;
      dhcp_raw_t packet;
      unsigned padding;
      int fd, result = -1;
    
      memset(&packet, 0, sizeof(dhcp_raw_t));
      memcpy(&packet.dhcp, &state->pdhcp, sizeof(dhcp_msg_t));
    
      if ((fd = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_DGRAM, htons(ETH_P_IP))) < 0) {
        dbg("SEND RAW: socket failed\n");
        return result;
      }
      memset(&dest_sll, 0, sizeof(dest_sll));
      dest_sll.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
      dest_sll.sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_IP);
      dest_sll.sll_ifindex = state->ifindex;
      dest_sll.sll_halen = 6;
      memcpy(dest_sll.sll_addr, bmacaddr , 6);
    
      if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &dest_sll, sizeof(dest_sll)) < 0) {
        dbg("SEND RAW: bind failed\n");
        close(fd);
        return result;
      }
      padding = 308 - 1 - dhcp_opt_size(state->pdhcp.options);
      packet.iph.protocol = IPPROTO_UDP;
      packet.iph.saddr = INADDR_ANY;
      packet.iph.daddr = INADDR_BROADCAST;
      packet.udph.source = htons(DHCPC_CLIENT_PORT);
      packet.udph.dest = htons(DHCPC_SERVER_PORT);
      packet.udph.len = htons(sizeof(dhcp_raw_t) - sizeof(struct iphdr) - padding);
      packet.iph.tot_len = packet.udph.len;
      packet.udph.check = dhcp_checksum(&packet, sizeof(dhcp_raw_t) - padding);
      packet.iph.tot_len = htons(sizeof(dhcp_raw_t) - padding);
      packet.iph.ihl = sizeof(packet.iph) >> 2;
      packet.iph.version = IPVERSION;
      packet.iph.ttl = IPDEFTTL;
      packet.iph.check = dhcp_checksum(&packet.iph, sizeof(packet.iph));
    
      result = sendto(fd, &packet, sizeof(dhcp_raw_t) - padding, 0,
          (struct sockaddr *) &dest_sll, sizeof(dest_sll));
    
      close(fd);
      if (result < 0) dbg("SEND RAW: PACKET send error\n");
      return result;
    }
    
    // Sends data through UDP socket.
    static int send_app(void)
    {
      struct sockaddr_in cli;
      int fd, ret = -1;
    
      if ((fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)) < 0) {
        dbg("SEND APP: sock failed.\n");
        return ret;
      }
      setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &set, sizeof(set));
    
      memset(&cli, 0, sizeof(cli));
      cli.sin_family = AF_INET;
      cli.sin_port = htons(DHCPC_CLIENT_PORT);
      cli.sin_addr.s_addr = state->pdhcp.ciaddr;
      if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&cli, sizeof(cli)) == -1) {
        dbg("SEND APP: bind failed.\n");
        goto error_fd;
      }
      memset(&cli, 0, sizeof(cli));
      cli.sin_family = AF_INET;
      cli.sin_port = htons(DHCPC_SERVER_PORT);
      cli.sin_addr.s_addr = state->serverid.s_addr;
      if (connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&cli, sizeof(cli)) == -1) {
        dbg("SEND APP: connect failed.\n");
        goto error_fd;
      }
      int padding = 308 - 1 - dhcp_opt_size(state->pdhcp.options);
      if((ret = write(fd, &state->pdhcp, sizeof(dhcp_msg_t) - padding)) < 0) {
        dbg("SEND APP: write failed error %d\n", ret);
        goto error_fd;
      }
      dbg("SEND APP: write success wrote %d\n", ret);
    error_fd:
      close(fd);
      return ret;
    }
    
    // Generic signal handler real handling is done in main funcrion.
    static void signal_handler(int sig)
    {
      unsigned char ch = sig;
      if (write(sigfd.wr, &ch, 1) != 1) dbg("can't send signal\n");
    }
    
    // signal setup for SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIGTERM
    static int setup_signal()
    {
      if (pipe((int *)&sigfd) < 0) {
        dbg("signal pipe failed\n");
        return -1;
      }
      fcntl(sigfd.wr , F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
      fcntl(sigfd.rd , F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
      int flags = fcntl(sigfd.wr, F_GETFL);
      fcntl(sigfd.wr, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
      signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
      signal(SIGUSR2, signal_handler);
      signal(SIGTERM, signal_handler);
    
      return 0;
    }
    
    // adds client id to dhcp packet
    static uint8_t *dhcpc_addclientid(uint8_t *optptr)
    {
      *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_CLIENTID;
      *optptr++ = 7;
      *optptr++ = 1;
      memcpy(optptr, &state->macaddr, 6);
      return optptr + 6;
    }
    
    // adds messege type to dhcp packet
    static uint8_t *dhcpc_addmsgtype(uint8_t *optptr, uint8_t type)
    {
      *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_MSG_TYPE;
      *optptr++ = 1;
      *optptr++ = type;
      return optptr;
    }
    
    // adds max size to dhcp packet
    static uint8_t *dhcpc_addmaxsize(uint8_t *optptr, uint16_t size)
    {
      *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_MAX_SIZE;
      *optptr++ = 2;
      memcpy(optptr, &size, 2);
      return optptr + 2;
    }
    
    static uint8_t *dhcpc_addstropt(uint8_t *optptr, uint8_t opcode, char* str, int len)
    {
      *optptr++ = opcode;
      *optptr++ = len;
      memcpy(optptr, str, len);
      return optptr + len;
    }
    
    // adds server id to dhcp packet.
    static uint8_t *dhcpc_addserverid(struct in_addr *serverid, uint8_t *optptr)
    {
      *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_SERVER_ID;
      *optptr++ = 4;
      memcpy(optptr, &serverid->s_addr, 4);
      return optptr + 4;
    }
    
    // adds requested ip address to dhcp packet.
    static uint8_t *dhcpc_addreqipaddr(struct in_addr *ipaddr, uint8_t *optptr)
    {
      *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_REQ_IPADDR;
      *optptr++ = 4;
      memcpy(optptr, &ipaddr->s_addr, 4);
      return optptr + 4;
    }
    
    // adds hostname to dhcp packet.
    static uint8_t *dhcpc_addfdnname(uint8_t *optptr, char *hname)
    {
      int size = strlen(hname);
    
      *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_FQDN;
      *optptr++ = size + 3;
      *optptr++ = 0x1;  //flags
      optptr += 2;      // two blank bytes
      strcpy((char*)optptr, hname); // name
    
      return optptr + size;
    }
    
    // adds request options using -o,-O flag to dhcp packet
    static uint8_t *dhcpc_addreqoptions(uint8_t *optptr)
    {
      uint8_t *len;
    
      *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_REQ_LIST;
      len = optptr;
      *len = 0;
      optptr++;
    
      if (!(toys.optflags & FLAG_o)) {
        *len = 4;
        *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_SUBNET_MASK;
        *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_ROUTER;
        *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_DNS_SERVER;
        *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_BROADCAST;
      }
      if (toys.optflags & FLAG_O) {
        memcpy(optptr++, raw_opt, raw_optcount);
        *len += raw_optcount;
      }
      return optptr;
    }
    
    static uint8_t *dhcpc_addend(uint8_t *optptr)
    {
      *optptr++ = DHCP_OPTION_END;
      return optptr;
    }
    
    // Sets values of -x options in dhcp discover and request packet.
    static uint8_t* set_xopt(uint8_t *optptr)
    {
      int count;
      int size = ARRAY_LEN(options_list);
      for (count = 0; count < size; count++) {
        if ((options_list[count].len == 0) || (options_list[count].val == NULL)) continue;
        *optptr++ = (uint8_t) (options_list[count].code & 0x00FF);
        *optptr++ = (uint8_t) options_list[count].len;
        memcpy(optptr, options_list[count].val, options_list[count].len);
        optptr += options_list[count].len;
      }
      return optptr;
    }
    
    static uint32_t get_option_serverid (uint8_t *opt, dhcpc_result_t *presult)
    {
      uint32_t var = 0;
      while (*opt != DHCP_OPTION_SERVER_ID) {
        if (*opt == DHCP_OPTION_END) return var;
        opt += opt[1] + 2;
      }
      memcpy(&var, opt+2, sizeof(uint32_t));
      state->serverid.s_addr = var;
      presult->serverid.s_addr = state->serverid.s_addr;
      presult->serverid.s_addr = ntohl(presult->serverid.s_addr);
      return var;
    }
    
    static uint8_t get_option_msgtype(uint8_t *opt)
    {
      uint32_t var = 0;
      while (*opt != DHCP_OPTION_MSG_TYPE) {
        if (*opt == DHCP_OPTION_END) return var;
        opt += opt[1] + 2;
      }
      memcpy(&var, opt+2, sizeof(uint8_t));
      return var;
    }
    
    static uint8_t get_option_lease(uint8_t *opt, dhcpc_result_t *presult)
    {
      uint32_t var = 0;
      while (*opt != DHCP_OPTION_LEASE_TIME) {
        if (*opt == DHCP_OPTION_END) return var;
        opt += opt[1] + 2;
      }
      memcpy(&var, opt+2, sizeof(uint32_t));
      var = htonl(var);
      presult->lease_time = var;
      return var;
    }
    
    
    // sends dhcp msg of MSGTYPE
    static int dhcpc_sendmsg(int msgtype)
    {
      uint8_t *pend;
      struct in_addr rqsd;
      char *vendor;
    
      // Create the common message header settings
      memset(&state->pdhcp, 0, sizeof(dhcp_msg_t));
      state->pdhcp.op = DHCP_REQUEST;
      state->pdhcp.htype = DHCP_HTYPE_ETHERNET;
      state->pdhcp.hlen = 6;
      state->pdhcp.xid = xid;
      memcpy(state->pdhcp.chaddr, state->macaddr, 6);
      memset(&state->pdhcp.chaddr[6], 0, 10);
      state->pdhcp.cookie = htonl(DHCP_MAGIC);;
    
      // Add the common header options
      pend = state->pdhcp.options;
      pend = dhcpc_addmsgtype(pend, msgtype);
    
      if (!(toys.optflags & FLAG_C)) pend = dhcpc_addclientid(pend);
      // Handle the message specific settings
      switch (msgtype) {
      case DHCPDISCOVER: // Broadcast DISCOVER message to all servers
        state->pdhcp.flags = htons(BOOTP_BROADCAST); //  Broadcast bit.
        if (toys.optflags & FLAG_r) {
          inet_aton(TT.req_ip, &rqsd);
          pend = dhcpc_addreqipaddr(&rqsd, pend);
        }
        pend = dhcpc_addmaxsize(pend, htons(sizeof(dhcp_raw_t)));
        vendor = (toys.optflags & FLAG_V) ? TT.vendor_cls : "toybox\0";
        pend = dhcpc_addstropt(pend, DHCP_OPTION_VENDOR, vendor, strlen(vendor));
        if (toys.optflags & FLAG_H) pend = dhcpc_addstropt(pend, DHCP_OPTION_HOST_NAME, TT.hostname, strlen(TT.hostname));
        if (toys.optflags & FLAG_F) pend = dhcpc_addfdnname(pend, TT.fdn_name);
        if (!(toys.optflags & FLAG_o) || (toys.optflags & FLAG_O))
          pend = dhcpc_addreqoptions(pend);
        if (toys.optflags & FLAG_x) pend = set_xopt(pend);
        break;
      case DHCPREQUEST: // Send REQUEST message to the server that sent the *first* OFFER
        state->pdhcp.flags = htons(BOOTP_BROADCAST); //  Broadcast bit.
        if (state->status == STATE_RENEWING) memcpy(&state->pdhcp.ciaddr, &state->ipaddr.s_addr, 4);
        pend = dhcpc_addmaxsize(pend, htons(sizeof(dhcp_raw_t)));
        rqsd.s_addr = htonl(server);
        pend = dhcpc_addserverid(&rqsd, pend);
        pend = dhcpc_addreqipaddr(&state->ipaddr, pend);
        vendor = (toys.optflags & FLAG_V) ? TT.vendor_cls : "toybox\0";
        pend = dhcpc_addstropt(pend, DHCP_OPTION_VENDOR, vendor, strlen(vendor));
        if (toys.optflags & FLAG_H) pend = dhcpc_addstropt(pend, DHCP_OPTION_HOST_NAME, TT.hostname, strlen(TT.hostname));
        if (toys.optflags & FLAG_F) pend = dhcpc_addfdnname(pend, TT.fdn_name);
        if (!(toys.optflags & FLAG_o) || (toys.optflags & FLAG_O))
          pend = dhcpc_addreqoptions(pend);
        if (toys.optflags & FLAG_x) pend = set_xopt(pend);
        break;
      case DHCPRELEASE: // Send RELEASE message to the server.
        memcpy(&state->pdhcp.ciaddr, &state->ipaddr.s_addr, 4);
        rqsd.s_addr = htonl(server);
        pend = dhcpc_addserverid(&rqsd, pend);
        break;
      default:
        return -1;
      }
      pend = dhcpc_addend(pend);
    
      if (state->mode == MODE_APP) return send_app();
      return send_raw();
    }
    
    /*
     * parses options from received dhcp packet at OPTPTR and
     * stores result in PRESULT or MSGOPT_LIST
     */
    static uint8_t dhcpc_parseoptions(dhcpc_result_t *presult, uint8_t *optptr)
    {
      uint8_t type = 0, *options, overloaded = 0;;
      uint16_t flag = 0;
      uint32_t convtmp = 0;
      char *dest, *pfx;
      struct in_addr addr;
      int count, optlen, size = ARRAY_LEN(options_list);
    
      if (toys.optflags & FLAG_x) {
        if(msgopt_list){
          for (count = 0; count < size; count++){
            if(msgopt_list[count].val) free(msgopt_list[count].val);
            msgopt_list[count].val = NULL;
            msgopt_list[count].len = 0;
          }
        } else {
         msgopt_list = xmalloc(sizeof(options_list));
         memcpy(msgopt_list, options_list, sizeof(options_list));
         for (count = 0; count < size; count++) {
             msgopt_list[count].len = 0;
             msgopt_list[count].val = NULL;
         }
        }
      } else {
        msgopt_list = options_list;
        for (count = 0; count < size; count++) {
          msgopt_list[count].len = 0;
          if(msgopt_list[count].val) free(msgopt_list[count].val);
          msgopt_list[count].val = NULL;
        }
      }
    
      while (*optptr != DHCP_OPTION_END) {
        if (*optptr == DHCP_OPTION_PADDING) {
          optptr++;
          continue;
        }
        if (*optptr == DHCP_OPTION_OVERLOAD) {
          overloaded = optptr[2];
          optptr += optptr[1] + 2;
          continue;
        }
        for (count = 0, flag = 0; count < size; count++) {
          if ((msgopt_list[count].code & 0X00FF) == *optptr) {
            flag = (msgopt_list[count].code & 0XFF00);
            break;
          }
        }
        switch (flag) {
        case DHCP_NUM32:
          memcpy(&convtmp, &optptr[2], sizeof(uint32_t));
          convtmp = htonl(convtmp);
          sprintf(toybuf, "%u", convtmp);
          msgopt_list[count].val = strdup(toybuf);
          msgopt_list[count].len = strlen(toybuf);
          break;
        case DHCP_NUM16:
          memcpy(&convtmp, &optptr[2], sizeof(uint16_t));
          convtmp = htons(convtmp);
          sprintf(toybuf, "%u", convtmp);
          msgopt_list[count].val = strdup(toybuf);
          msgopt_list[count].len = strlen(toybuf);
          break;
        case DHCP_NUM8:
          memcpy(&convtmp, &optptr[2], sizeof(uint8_t));
          sprintf(toybuf, "%u", convtmp);
          msgopt_list[count].val = strdup(toybuf);
          msgopt_list[count].len = strlen(toybuf);
          break;
        case DHCP_IP:
          memcpy(&convtmp, &optptr[2], sizeof(uint32_t));
          addr.s_addr = convtmp;
          sprintf(toybuf, "%s", inet_ntoa(addr));
          msgopt_list[count].val = strdup(toybuf);
          msgopt_list[count].len = strlen(toybuf);
          break;
        case DHCP_STRING:
          sprintf(toybuf, "%.*s", optptr[1], &optptr[2]);
          msgopt_list[count].val = strdup(toybuf);
          msgopt_list[count].len = strlen(toybuf);
          break;
        case DHCP_IPLIST:
          options = &optptr[2];
          optlen = optptr[1];
          dest = toybuf;
          while (optlen) {
            memcpy(&convtmp, options, sizeof(uint32_t));
            addr.s_addr = convtmp;
            dest += sprintf(dest, "%s ", inet_ntoa(addr));
            options += 4;
            optlen -= 4;
          }
          *(dest - 1) = '\0';
          msgopt_list[count].val = strdup(toybuf);
          msgopt_list[count].len = strlen(toybuf);
          break;
        case DHCP_STRLST: //FIXME: do smthing.
        case DHCP_IPPLST:
          break;
        case DHCP_STCRTS:
          pfx = "";
          dest = toybuf;
          options = &optptr[2];
          optlen = optptr[1];
    
          while (optlen >= 1 + 4) {
            uint32_t nip = 0;
            int bytes;
            uint8_t *p_tmp;
            unsigned mask = *options;
    
            if (mask > 32) break;
            optlen--;
            p_tmp = (void*) &nip;
            bytes = (mask + 7) / 8;
            while (--bytes >= 0) {
              *p_tmp++ = *options++;
              optlen--;
            }
            if (optlen < 4) break;
            dest += sprintf(dest, "%s%u.%u.%u.%u", pfx, ((uint8_t*) &nip)[0],
                ((uint8_t*) &nip)[1], ((uint8_t*) &nip)[2], ((uint8_t*) &nip)[3]);
            pfx = " ";
            dest += sprintf(dest, "/%u ", mask);
            dest += sprintf(dest, "%u.%u.%u.%u", options[0], options[1], options[2], options[3]);
            options += 4;
            optlen -= 4;
          }
          msgopt_list[count].val = strdup(toybuf);
          msgopt_list[count].len = strlen(toybuf);
          break;
        default: break;
        }
        optptr += optptr[1] + 2;
      }
      if ((overloaded == 1) || (overloaded == 3)) dhcpc_parseoptions(presult, optptr);
      if ((overloaded == 2) || (overloaded == 3)) dhcpc_parseoptions(presult, optptr);
      return type;
    }
    
    // parses recvd messege to check that it was for us.
    static uint8_t dhcpc_parsemsg(dhcpc_result_t *presult)
    {
      if (state->pdhcp.op == DHCP_REPLY
          && !memcmp(state->pdhcp.chaddr, state->macaddr, 6)
          && !memcmp(&state->pdhcp.xid, &xid, sizeof(xid))) {
        memcpy(&presult->ipaddr.s_addr, &state->pdhcp.yiaddr, 4);
        presult->ipaddr.s_addr = ntohl(presult->ipaddr.s_addr);
        return get_option_msgtype(state->pdhcp.options);
      }
      return 0;
    }
    
    // Sends a IP renew request.
    static void renew(void)
    {
      infomsg(infomode, "Performing a DHCP renew");
      switch (state->status) {
      case STATE_INIT:
        break;
      case STATE_BOUND:
        mode_raw();
      case STATE_RENEWING:    // FALLTHROUGH 
      case STATE_REBINDING:   // FALLTHROUGH 
        state->status = STATE_RENEW_REQUESTED;
        break;
      case STATE_RENEW_REQUESTED:
        run_script(NULL, "deconfig");
      case STATE_REQUESTING:           // FALLTHROUGH 
      case STATE_RELEASED:             // FALLTHROUGH 
        mode_raw();
        state->status = STATE_INIT;
        break;
      default: break;
      }
    }
    
    // Sends a IP release request.
    static void release(void)
    {
      char buffer[sizeof("255.255.255.255\0")];
      struct in_addr temp_addr;
    
      mode_app();
      // send release packet
      if (state->status == STATE_BOUND || state->status == STATE_RENEWING || state->status == STATE_REBINDING) {
        temp_addr.s_addr = htonl(server);
        xstrncpy(buffer, inet_ntoa(temp_addr), sizeof(buffer));
        temp_addr.s_addr = state->ipaddr.s_addr;
        infomsg( infomode, "Unicasting a release of %s to %s", inet_ntoa(temp_addr), buffer);
        dhcpc_sendmsg(DHCPRELEASE);
        run_script(NULL, "deconfig");
      }
      infomsg(infomode, "Entering released state");
      close(state->sockfd);
      state->sockfd = -1;
      state->mode = MODE_OFF;
      state->status = STATE_RELEASED;
    }
    
    static void free_option_stores(void)
    {
      int count, size = ARRAY_LEN(options_list);
      for (count = 0; count < size; count++)
        if (options_list[count].val) free(options_list[count].val);
      if (toys.optflags & FLAG_x) {
        for (count = 0; count < size; count++)
            if (msgopt_list[count].val) free(msgopt_list[count].val);
        free(msgopt_list);
      }
    }
    
    void dhcp_main(void)
    {
      struct timeval tv;
      int retval, bufflen = 0;
      dhcpc_result_t result;
      uint8_t packets = 0, retries = 0;
      uint32_t timeout = 0, waited = 0;
      fd_set rfds;
    
      xid = 0;
      setlinebuf(stdout);
      dbg = dummy;
      if (toys.optflags & FLAG_v) dbg = xprintf;
      if (toys.optflags & FLAG_p) write_pid(TT.pidfile);
      retries = TT.retries;
      if (toys.optflags & FLAG_S) {
          openlog("UDHCPC :", LOG_PID, LOG_DAEMON);
          infomode |= LOG_SYSTEM;
      }
      infomsg(infomode, "dhcp started");
      if (toys.optflags & FLAG_O) {
        while (TT.req_opt) {
          raw_opt[raw_optcount] = (uint8_t) strtoopt(TT.req_opt->arg, 1);
          raw_optcount++;
          TT.req_opt = TT.req_opt->next;
        }
      }
      if (toys.optflags & FLAG_x) {
        while (TT.pkt_opt) {
          (void) strtoopt(TT.pkt_opt->arg, 0);
          TT.pkt_opt = TT.pkt_opt->next;
        }
      }
      memset(&result, 0, sizeof(dhcpc_result_t));
      state = (dhcpc_state_t*) xmalloc(sizeof(dhcpc_state_t));
      memset(state, 0, sizeof(dhcpc_state_t));
      state->iface = (toys.optflags & FLAG_i) ? TT.iface : "eth0";
    
      if (get_interface(state->iface, &state->ifindex, NULL, state->macaddr))
        perror_exit("Failed to get interface %s", state->iface);
    
      run_script(NULL, "deconfig");
      setup_signal();
      state->status = STATE_INIT;
      mode_raw();
      fcntl(state->sockfd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
    
      for (;;) {
        FD_ZERO(&rfds);
        if (state->sockfd >= 0) FD_SET(state->sockfd, &rfds);
        FD_SET(sigfd.rd, &rfds);
        tv.tv_sec = timeout - waited;
        tv.tv_usec = 0;
        retval = 0;
    
        int maxfd = (sigfd.rd > state->sockfd)? sigfd.rd : state->sockfd;
        dbg("select wait ....\n");
        uint32_t timestmp = time(NULL);
        if((retval = select(maxfd + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tv)) < 0) {
          if (errno == EINTR) {
            waited += (unsigned) time(NULL) - timestmp;
            continue;
          }
          perror_exit("Error in select");
        }
        if (!retval) { // Timed out
          if (get_interface(state->iface, &state->ifindex, NULL, state->macaddr))
            error_exit("Interface lost %s\n", state->iface);
    
          switch (state->status) {
          case STATE_INIT:
            if (packets < retries) {
              if (!packets) xid = getxid();
              run_script(NULL, "deconfig");
              infomsg(infomode, "Sending discover...");
              dhcpc_sendmsg(DHCPDISCOVER);
              server = 0;
              timeout = TT.timeout;
              waited = 0;
              packets++;
              continue;
            }
    lease_fail:
            run_script(NULL,"leasefail");
            if (toys.optflags & FLAG_n) {
              infomsg(infomode, "Lease failed. Exiting");
              goto ret_with_sockfd;
            }
            if (toys.optflags & FLAG_b) {
              infomsg(infomode, "Lease failed. Going Daemon mode");
              daemon(0, 0);
              if (toys.optflags & FLAG_p) write_pid(TT.pidfile);
              toys.optflags &= ~FLAG_b;
              toys.optflags |= FLAG_f;
            }
            timeout = TT.tryagain;
            waited = 0;
            packets = 0;
            continue;
          case STATE_REQUESTING:
            if (packets < retries) {
              memcpy(&state->ipaddr.s_addr,&state->pdhcp.yiaddr, 4);
              dhcpc_sendmsg(DHCPREQUEST);
              infomsg(infomode, "Sending select for %d.%d.%d.%d...",
                  (result.ipaddr.s_addr >> 24) & 0xff, (result.ipaddr.s_addr >> 16) & 0xff, (result.ipaddr.s_addr >> 8) & 0xff, (result.ipaddr.s_addr) & 0xff);
              timeout = TT.timeout;
              waited = 0;
              packets++;
              continue;
            }
            mode_raw();
            state->status = STATE_INIT;
            goto lease_fail;
          case STATE_BOUND:
            state->status = STATE_RENEWING;
            dbg("Entering renew state\n");
            // FALLTHROUGH
          case STATE_RENEW_REQUESTED:   // FALLTHROUGH
          case STATE_RENEWING:
    renew_requested:
            if (timeout > 60) {
              dhcpc_sendmsg(DHCPREQUEST);
              timeout >>= 1;
              waited = 0;
              continue;
            }
            dbg("Entering rebinding state\n");
            state->status = STATE_REBINDING;
            // FALLTHROUGH
          case STATE_REBINDING:
            mode_raw();
            if (timeout > 0) {
              dhcpc_sendmsg(DHCPREQUEST);
              timeout >>= 1;
              waited = 0;
              continue;
            }
            infomsg(infomode, "Lease lost, entering INIT state");
            run_script(NULL, "deconfig");
            state->status = STATE_INIT;
            timeout = 0;
            waited = 0;
            packets = 0;
            continue;
          default: break;
          }
          timeout = INT_MAX;
          waited = 0;
          continue;
        }
        if (FD_ISSET(sigfd.rd, &rfds)) { // Some Activity on RDFDs : is signal
          unsigned char sig;
          if (read(sigfd.rd, &sig, 1) != 1) {
            dbg("signal read failed.\n");
            continue;
          }
          switch (sig) {
          case SIGUSR1:
            infomsg(infomode, "Received SIGUSR1");
            renew();
            packets = 0;
            waited = 0;
            if (state->status == STATE_RENEW_REQUESTED) goto renew_requested;
            if (state->status == STATE_INIT) timeout = 0;
            continue;
          case SIGUSR2:
            infomsg(infomode, "Received SIGUSR2");
            release();
            timeout = INT_MAX;
            waited = 0;
            packets = 0;
            continue;
          case SIGTERM:
            infomsg(infomode, "Received SIGTERM");
            if (toys.optflags & FLAG_R) release();
            goto ret_with_sockfd;
          default: break;
          }
        }
        if (FD_ISSET(state->sockfd, &rfds)) { // Some Activity on RDFDs : is socket
          dbg("main sock read\n");
          uint8_t msgType;
          if (state->mode == MODE_RAW) bufflen = read_raw();
          if (state->mode == MODE_APP) bufflen = read_app();
          if (bufflen < 0) {
            if (state->mode == MODE_RAW) mode_raw();
            if (state->mode == MODE_APP) mode_app();
            continue;
          }
          waited += time(NULL) - timestmp;
          memset(&result, 0, sizeof(dhcpc_result_t));
          msgType = dhcpc_parsemsg(&result);
          if (msgType != DHCPNAK && result.ipaddr.s_addr == 0 ) continue;       // no ip for me ignore
          if (!msgType || !get_option_serverid(state->pdhcp.options, &result)) continue; //no server id ignore
          if (msgType == DHCPOFFER && server == 0) server = result.serverid.s_addr; // select the server
          if (result.serverid.s_addr != server) continue; // not from the server we requested ignore
          dhcpc_parseoptions(&result, state->pdhcp.options);
          get_option_lease(state->pdhcp.options, &result);
    
          switch (state->status) {
          case STATE_INIT:
            if (msgType == DHCPOFFER) {
              state->status = STATE_REQUESTING;
              mode_raw();
              timeout = 0;
              waited = 0;
              packets = 0;
            }
            continue;
          case STATE_REQUESTING:         // FALLTHROUGH
          case STATE_RENEWING:           // FALLTHROUGH
          case STATE_RENEW_REQUESTED:    // FALLTHROUGH
          case STATE_REBINDING:
            if (msgType == DHCPACK) {
              timeout = result.lease_time / 2;
              run_script(&result, state->status == STATE_REQUESTING ? "bound" : "renew");
              state->status = STATE_BOUND;
              infomsg(infomode, "Lease of %d.%d.%d.%d obtained, lease time %d from server %d.%d.%d.%d",
                  (result.ipaddr.s_addr >> 24) & 0xff, (result.ipaddr.s_addr >> 16) & 0xff, (result.ipaddr.s_addr >> 8) & 0xff, (result.ipaddr.s_addr) & 0xff,
                  result.lease_time,
                  (result.serverid.s_addr >> 24) & 0xff, (result.serverid.s_addr >> 16) & 0xff, (result.serverid.s_addr >> 8) & 0xff, (result.serverid.s_addr) & 0xff);
              if (toys.optflags & FLAG_q) {
                if (toys.optflags & FLAG_R) release();
                goto ret_with_sockfd;
              }
              toys.optflags &= ~FLAG_n;
              if (!(toys.optflags & FLAG_f)) {
                daemon(0, 0);
                toys.optflags |= FLAG_f;
                if (toys.optflags & FLAG_p) write_pid(TT.pidfile);
              }
              waited = 0;
              continue;
            } else if (msgType == DHCPNAK) {
              dbg("NACK received.\n");
              run_script(&result, "nak");
              if (state->status != STATE_REQUESTING) run_script(NULL, "deconfig");
              mode_raw();
              sleep(3);
              state->status = STATE_INIT;
              state->ipaddr.s_addr = 0;
              server = 0;
              timeout = 0;
              packets = 0;
              waited = 0;
            }
            continue;
          default: break;
          }
        }
      }
    ret_with_sockfd:
      if (CFG_TOYBOX_FREE) {
        free_option_stores();
        if (state->sockfd > 0) close(state->sockfd);
        free(state);
      }
    }