Apache: Модуль Apache mod

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Пункт 118. Apache Module mod_autoindex

Description:	Generates directory indexes, automatically, similar to the Unix `ls` command or the Win32 `dir` shell command
Status:	Base
Module Identifier:	autoindex_module
Source File:	mod_autoindex.c

Summary

The index of a directory can come from one of two sources:

A file located in that directory, typically called index.html . The DirectoryIndex directive sets the name of the file or files to be used. This is controlled by mod_dir .
Otherwise, a listing generated by the server. The other directives control the format of this listing. The AddIcon , AddIconByEncoding and AddIconByType are used to set a list of icons to display for various file types; for each file listed, the first icon listed that matches the file is displayed. These are controlled by mod_autoindex .

The two functions are separated so that you can completely remove (or replace) automatic index generation should you want to.

Automatic index generation is enabled with using Options +Indexes . See the Options directive for more details.

If the FancyIndexing option is given with the IndexOptions directive, the column headers are links that control the order of the display. If you select a header link, the listing will be regenerated, sorted by the values in that column. Selecting the same header repeatedly toggles between ascending and descending order. These column header links are suppressed with the IndexOptions directive's SuppressColumnSorting option.

Note that when the display is sorted by "Size", it's the actual size of the files that's used, not the displayed value - so a 1010-byte file will always be displayed before a 1011-byte file (if in ascending order) even though they both are shown as "1K".

Autoindex Request Query Arguments

Various query string arguments are available to give the client some control over the ordering of the directory listing, as well as what files are listed. If you do not wish to give the client this control, the IndexOptions IgnoreClient option disables that functionality.

The column sorting headers themselves are self-referencing hyperlinks that add the sort query options shown below. Any option below may be added to any request for the directory resource.

C=N sorts the directory by file name
C=M sorts the directory by last-modified date, then file name
C=S sorts the directory by size, then file name
C=D sorts the directory by description, then file name
O=A sorts the listing in Ascending Order
O=D sorts the listing in Descending Order
F=0 formats the listing as a simple list (not FancyIndexed)
F=1 formats the listing as a FancyIndexed list
F=2 formats the listing as an HTMLTable FancyIndexed list
V=0 disables version sorting
V=1 enables version sorting
P=pattern lists only files matching the given pattern

Note that the 'P'attern query argument is tested after the usual IndexIgnore directives are processed, and all file names are still subjected to the same criteria as any other autoindex listing. The Query Arguments parser in mod_autoindex will stop abruptly when an unrecognized option is encountered. The Query Arguments must be well formed, according to the table above.

The simple example below, which can be clipped and saved in a header.html file, illustrates these query options. Note that the unknown "X" argument, for the submit button, is listed last to assure the arguments are all parsed before mod_autoindex encounters the X=Go input.

<form action="" method="get"> Show me a <select name="F"> <option value="0"> Plain list</option> <option value="1" selected="selected"> Fancy list</option> <option value="2"> Table list</option> </select> Sorted by <select name="C"> <option value="N" selected="selected"> Name</option> <option value="M"> Date Modified</option> <option value="S"> Size</option> <option value="D"> Description</option> </select> <select name="O"> <option value="A" selected="selected"> Ascending</option> <option value="D"> Descending</option> </select> <select name="V"> <option value="0" selected="selected"> in Normal order</option> <option value="1"> in Version order</option> </select> Matching <input type="text" name="P" value="*" /> <input type="submit" name="X" value="Go" /> </form>

AddAlt Directive

Description:	Alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon selected by filename
Syntax:	`AddAlt string file [file] ...`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

AddAlt provides the alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing . File is a file extension, partial filename, wild-card expression or full filename for files to describe. If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it in quotes ( " or ' ). This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.

AddAlt "PDF file" *.pdf
AddAlt Compressed *.gz *.zip *.Z

AddAltByEncoding Directive

Description:	Alternate text to display for a file instead of an icon selected by MIME-encoding
Syntax:	`AddAltByEncoding string MIME-encoding [MIME-encoding] ...`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

AddAltByEncoding provides the alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing . MIME-encoding is a valid content-encoding, such as x-compress . If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it in quotes ( " or ' ). This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.

AddAltByEncoding gzip x-gzip

AddAltByType Directive

Description:	Alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon selected by MIME content-type
Syntax:	`AddAltByType string MIME-type [MIME-type] ...`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

AddAltByType sets the alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing . MIME-type is a valid content-type, such as text/html . If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it in quotes ( " or ' ). This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.

AddAltByType 'plain text' text/plain

AddDescription Directive

Description:	Description to display for a file
Syntax:	`AddDescription string file [file] ...`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

This sets the description to display for a file, for FancyIndexing . File is a file extension, partial filename, wild-card expression or full filename for files to describe. String is enclosed in double quotes ( " ).

AddDescription "The planet Mars" mars.gif
AddDescription "My friend Marshall" friends/mars.gif

The typical, default description field is 23 bytes wide. 6 more bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressIcon option, 7 bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressSize option, and 19 bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressLastModified option. Therefore, the widest default the description column is ever assigned is 55 bytes.

Since the File argument may be a partial file name, please remember that a too-short partial filename may match unintended files. For example, le.html will match the file le.html but will also match the file example.html . In the event that there may be ambiguity, use as complete a filename as you can, but keep in mind that the first match encountered will be used, and order your list of AddDescription directives accordingly.

See the DescriptionWidth IndexOptions keyword for details on overriding the size of this column, or allowing descriptions of unlimited length.

Caution

Descriptive text defined with AddDescription may contain HTML markup, such as tags and character entities. If the width of the description column should happen to truncate a tagged element (such as cutting off the end of a bolded phrase), the results may affect the rest of the directory listing.

Arguments with path information

Absolute paths are not currently supported and do not match anything at runtime. Arguments with relative path information, which would normally only be used in htaccess context, are implicitly prefixed with '*/' to avoid matching partial directory names.

AddIcon Directive

Description:	Icon to display for a file selected by name
Syntax:	`AddIcon icon name [name] ...`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

This sets the icon to display next to a file ending in name for FancyIndexing . Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, a fully qualified remote URL, or of the format (alttext,url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.

Name is either ^^DIRECTORY^^ for directories, ^^BLANKICON^^ for blank lines (to format the list correctly), a file extension, a wildcard expression, a partial filename or a complete filename.

^^BLANKICON^^ is only used for formatting, and so is unnecessary if you're using IndexOptions HTMLTable .

#Examples
AddIcon (IMG,/icons/image.png) .gif .jpg .png
AddIcon /icons/dir.png ^^DIRECTORY^^
AddIcon /icons/backup.png *~

AddIconByType should be used in preference to AddIcon , when possible.

AddIconByEncoding Directive

Description:	Icon to display next to files selected by MIME content-encoding
Syntax:	`AddIconByEncoding icon MIME-encoding [MIME-encoding] ...`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

This sets the icon to display next to files with FancyIndexing . Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, a fully qualified remote URL, or of the format (alttext,url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.

MIME-encoding is a valid content-encoding, such as x-compress .

AddIconByEncoding /icons/compress.png x-compress

AddIconByType Directive

Description:	Icon to display next to files selected by MIME content-type
Syntax:	`AddIconByType icon MIME-type [MIME-type] ...`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

This sets the icon to display next to files of type MIME-type for FancyIndexing . Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, a fully qualified remote URL, or of the format (alttext,url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.

MIME-type is a wildcard expression matching required the mime types.

AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image.png) image/*

DefaultIcon Directive

Description:	Icon to display for files when no specific icon is configured
Syntax:	`DefaultIcon url-path`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

The DefaultIcon directive sets the icon to display for files when no specific icon is known, for FancyIndexing . Url-path is a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or a fully qualified remote URL.

DefaultIcon /icon/unknown.png

HeaderName Directive

Description:	Name of the file that will be inserted at the top of the index listing
Syntax:	`HeaderName filename`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

The HeaderName directive sets the name of the file that will be inserted at the top of the index listing. Filename is the name of the file to include.

HeaderName HEADER.html

Both HeaderName and ReadmeName now treat Filename as a URI path relative to the one used to access the directory being indexed. If Filename begins with a slash, it will be taken to be relative to the DocumentRoot .

HeaderName /include/HEADER.html

Filename must resolve to a document with a major content type of text/* (e.g., text/html , text/plain , etc.). This means that filename may refer to a CGI script if the script's actual file type (as opposed to its output) is marked as text/html such as with a directive like:

AddType text/html .cgi

Content negotiation will be performed if Options MultiViews is in effect. If filename resolves to a static text/html document (not a CGI script) and either one of the options Includes or IncludesNOEXEC is enabled, the file will be processed for server-side includes (see the mod_include documentation).

If the file specified by HeaderName contains the beginnings of an HTML document (<html>, <head>, etc.) then you will probably want to set IndexOptions +SuppressHTMLPreamble , so that these tags are not repeated.

IndexHeadInsert Directive

Description:	Inserts text in the HEAD section of an index page.
Syntax:	`IndexHeadInsert "markup ..."`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

The IndexHeadInsert directive specifies a string to insert in the <head> section of the HTML generated for the index page.

IndexHeadInsert "<link rel=\"sitemap\" href=\"/sitemap.html\">"

IndexIgnore Directive

Description:	Adds to the list of files to hide when listing a directory
Syntax:	`IndexIgnore file [file] ...`
Default:	`IndexIgnore "."`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

The IndexIgnore directive adds to the list of files to hide when listing a directory. File is a shell-style wildcard expression or full filename. Multiple IndexIgnore directives add to the list, rather than replacing the list of ignored files. By default, the list contains . (the current directory).

IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t

Regular Expressions

This directive does not currently work in configuration sections that have regular expression arguments, such as <DirectoryMatch>

IndexIgnoreReset Directive

Description:	Empties the list of files to hide when listing a directory
Syntax:	`IndexIgnoreReset ON\|OFF`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex
Compatibility:	2.3.10 and later

The IndexIgnoreReset directive removes any files ignored by IndexIgnore otherwise inherited from other configuration sections.

<Directory "/var/www">
 IndexIgnore *.bak .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t
</Directory>
<Directory "/var/www/backups">
 IndexIgnoreReset ON
 IndexIgnore .??* *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t
</Directory>

Review the default configuration for a list of patterns that you might want to explicitly ignore after using this directive.

IndexOptions Directive

Description:	Various configuration settings for directory indexing
Syntax:	`IndexOptions [+\|-]option [[+\|-]option] ...`
Default:	`By default, no options are enabled.`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

The IndexOptions directive specifies the behavior of the directory indexing. Option can be one of

AddAltClass

Adds an additional CSS class declaration to each row of the directory listing table when IndexOptions HTMLTable is in effect and an IndexStyleSheet is defined. Rather than the standard even and odd classes that would otherwise be applied to each row of the table, a class of even-ALT or odd-ALT where ALT is either the standard alt text associated with the file style (eg. snd, txt, img, etc) or the alt text defined by one of the various AddAlt* directives.

Charset=character-set (Apache HTTP Server 2.0.61 and later)

The Charset keyword allows you to specify the character set of the generated page. The default is UTF-8 on Windows and Mac OS X, and ISO-8859-1 elsewhere. (It depends on whether the underlying file system uses Unicode filenames or not.)

IndexOptions Charset=UTF-8

DescriptionWidth=[n | *]

The DescriptionWidth keyword allows you to specify the width of the description column in characters.

-DescriptionWidth (or unset) allows mod_autoindex to calculate the best width.

DescriptionWidth=n fixes the column width to n bytes wide.

DescriptionWidth=* grows the column to the width necessary to accommodate the longest description string. See the section on AddDescription for dangers inherent in truncating descriptions.

FancyIndexing

This turns on fancy indexing of directories.

FoldersFirst

If this option is enabled, subdirectory listings will always appear first, followed by normal files in the directory. The listing is basically broken into two components, the files and the subdirectories, and each is sorted separately and then displayed subdirectories-first. For instance, if the sort order is descending by name, and FoldersFirst is enabled, subdirectory Zed will be listed before subdirectory Beta , which will be listed before normal files Gamma and Alpha . This option only has an effect if FancyIndexing is also enabled.

HTMLTable

This option with FancyIndexing constructs a simple table for the fancy directory listing. It is necessary for utf-8 enabled platforms or if file names or description text will alternate between left-to-right and right-to-left reading order.

IconsAreLinks

This makes the icons part of the anchor for the filename, for fancy indexing.

IconHeight[=pixels]

Presence of this option, when used with IconWidth , will cause the server to include height and width attributes in the img tag for the file icon. This allows browser to precalculate the page layout without having to wait until all the images have been loaded. If no value is given for the option, it defaults to the standard height of the icons supplied with the Apache httpd software. This option only has an effect if FancyIndexing is also enabled.

IconWidth[=pixels]

Presence of this option, when used with IconHeight , will cause the server to include height and width attributes in the img tag for the file icon. This allows browser to precalculate the page layout without having to wait until all the images have been loaded. If no value is given for the option, it defaults to the standard width of the icons supplied with the Apache httpd software.

IgnoreCase

If this option is enabled, names are sorted in a case-insensitive manner. For instance, if the sort order is ascending by name, and IgnoreCase is enabled, file Zeta will be listed after file alfa (Note: file GAMMA will always be listed before file gamma).

IgnoreClient

This option causes mod_autoindex to ignore all query variables from the client, including sort order (implies SuppressColumnSorting .)

NameWidth=[n | *]

The NameWidth keyword allows you to specify the width of the filename column in bytes.

-NameWidth (or unset) allows mod_autoindex to calculate the best width, but only up to 20 bytes wide.

NameWidth=n fixes the column width to n bytes wide.

NameWidth=* grows the column to the necessary width.

ScanHTMLTitles

This enables the extraction of the title from HTML documents for fancy indexing. If the file does not have a description given by AddDescription then httpd will read the document for the value of the title element. This is CPU and disk intensive.

ShowForbidden

If specified, Apache httpd will show files normally hidden because the subrequest returned HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED or HTTP_FORBIDDEN

SuppressColumnSorting

If specified, Apache httpd will not make the column headings in a FancyIndexed directory listing into links for sorting. The default behavior is for them to be links; selecting the column heading will sort the directory listing by the values in that column. However, query string arguments which are appended to the URL will still be honored. That behavior is controlled by

 IndexOptions
 IgnoreClient

SuppressDescription

This will suppress the file description in fancy indexing listings. By default, no file descriptions are defined, and so the use of this option will regain 23 characters of screen space to use for something else. See AddDescription for information about setting the file description. See also the DescriptionWidth index option to limit the size of the description column. This option only has an effect if FancyIndexing is also enabled.

SuppressHTMLPreamble

If the directory actually contains a file specified by the HeaderName directive, the module usually includes the contents of the file after a standard HTML preamble ( <html> , <head> , et cetera). The SuppressHTMLPreamble option disables this behaviour, causing the module to start the display with the header file contents. The header file must contain appropriate HTML instructions in this case. If there is no header file, the preamble is generated as usual. If you also specify a ReadmeName , and if that file exists, The closing </body></html> tags are also ommitted from the output, under the assumption that you'll likely put those closing tags in that file.

SuppressIcon

This will suppress the icon in fancy indexing listings. Combining both SuppressIcon and SuppressRules yields proper HTML 3.2 output, which by the final specification prohibits img and hr elements from the pre block (used to format FancyIndexed listings.)

SuppressLastModified

This will suppress the display of the last modification date, in fancy indexing listings. This option only has an effect if FancyIndexing is also enabled.

SuppressRules

This will suppress the horizontal rule lines ( hr elements) in directory listings. Combining both SuppressIcon and SuppressRules yields proper HTML 3.2 output, which by the final specification prohibits img and hr elements from the pre block (used to format FancyIndexed listings.) This option only has an effect if FancyIndexing is also enabled.

SuppressSize

This will suppress the file size in fancy indexing listings. This option only has an effect if FancyIndexing is also enabled.

TrackModified

This returns the Last-Modified and ETag values for the listed directory in the HTTP header. It is only valid if the operating system and file system return appropriate stat() results. Some Unix systems do so, as do OS2's JFS and Win32's NTFS volumes. OS2 and Win32 FAT volumes, for example, do not. Once this feature is enabled, the client or proxy can track changes to the list of files when they perform a HEAD request. Note some operating systems correctly track new and removed files, but do not track changes for sizes or dates of the files within the directory. Changes to the size or date stamp of an existing file will not update the Last-Modified header on all Unix platforms. If this is a concern, leave this option disabled.

Type=MIME content-type (Apache HTTP Server 2.0.61 and later)

The Type keyword allows you to specify the MIME content-type of the generated page. The default is text/html.

IndexOptions Type=text/plain

UseOldDateFormat (Apache HTTP Server 2.4.26 and later)

The date format used for the Last Modified field was inadvertently changed to "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M" from "%d-%b-%Y %H:%M" in 2.4.0. Setting this option restores the date format from 2.2 and earlier.

VersionSort (Apache HTTP Server 2.0a3 and later)

The VersionSort keyword causes files containing version numbers to sort in a natural way. Strings are sorted as usual, except that substrings of digits in the name and description are compared according to their numeric value.

Example:

foo-1.7 foo-1.7.2 foo-1.7.12 foo-1.8.2 foo-1.8.2a foo-1.12

If the number starts with a zero, then it is considered to be a fraction:

foo-1.001 foo-1.002 foo-1.030 foo-1.04

XHTML (Apache HTTP Server 2.0.49 and later)

The XHTML keyword forces mod_autoindex to emit XHTML 1.0 code instead of HTML 3.2. This option only has an effect if FancyIndexing is also enabled.

Incremental IndexOptions

Be aware of how multiple IndexOptions are handled.

Multiple IndexOptions directives for a single directory are now merged together. The result of:

<Directory "/foo">
 IndexOptions HTMLTable
 IndexOptions SuppressColumnsorting
</Directory>

will be the equivalent of

IndexOptions HTMLTable SuppressColumnsorting

The addition of the incremental syntax (i.e., prefixing keywords with + or - ).

Whenever a '+' or '-' prefixed keyword is encountered, it is applied to the current IndexOptions settings (which may have been inherited from an upper-level directory). However, whenever an unprefixed keyword is processed, it clears all inherited options and any incremental settings encountered so far. Consider the following example:

IndexOptions +ScanHTMLTitles -IconsAreLinks FancyIndexing
IndexOptions +SuppressSize

The net effect is equivalent to IndexOptions FancyIndexing +SuppressSize , because the unprefixed FancyIndexing discarded the incremental keywords before it, but allowed them to start accumulating again afterward.

To unconditionally set the IndexOptions for a particular directory, clearing the inherited settings, specify keywords without any + or - prefixes.

IndexOrderDefault Directive

Description:	Sets the default ordering of the directory index
Syntax:	`IndexOrderDefault Ascending\|Descending Name\|Date\|Size\|Description`
Default:	`IndexOrderDefault Ascending Name`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

The IndexOrderDefault directive is used in combination with the FancyIndexing index option. By default, fancyindexed directory listings are displayed in ascending order by filename; the IndexOrderDefault allows you to change this initial display order.

IndexOrderDefault takes two arguments. The first must be either Ascending or Descending , indicating the direction of the sort. The second argument must be one of the keywords Name , Date , Size , or Description , and identifies the primary key. The secondary key is always the ascending filename.

You can, if desired, prevent the client from reordering the list by also adding the SuppressColumnSorting index option to remove the sort link from the top of the column, along with the IgnoreClient index option to prevent them from manually adding sort options to the query string in order to override your ordering preferences.

IndexStyleSheet Directive

Description:	Adds a CSS stylesheet to the directory index
Syntax:	`IndexStyleSheet url-path`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

The IndexStyleSheet directive sets the name of the file that will be used as the CSS for the index listing.

IndexStyleSheet "/css/style.css"

Using this directive in conjunction with IndexOptions HTMLTable adds a number of CSS classes to the resulting HTML. The entire table is given a CSS id of indexlist and the following classes are associated with the various parts of the listing:

Class	Definition
tr.indexhead	Header row of listing
th.indexcolicon and td.indexcolicon	Icon column
th.indexcolname and td.indexcolname	File name column
th.indexcollastmod and td.indexcollastmod	Last modified column
th.indexcolsize and td.indexcolsize	File size column
th.indexcoldesc and td.indexcoldesc	Description column
tr.breakrow	Horizontal rule at the bottom of the table
tr.odd and tr.even	Alternating even and odd rows

ReadmeName Directive

Description:	Name of the file that will be inserted at the end of the index listing
Syntax:	`ReadmeName filename`
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_autoindex

The ReadmeName directive sets the name of the file that will be appended to the end of the index listing. Filename is the name of the file to include, and is taken to be relative to the location being indexed. If Filename begins with a slash, as in example 2, it will be taken to be relative to the DocumentRoot .

# Example 1
ReadmeName FOOTER.html

# Example 2
ReadmeName /include/FOOTER.html

See also HeaderName , where this behavior is described in greater detail.