инструмент генерации сетевых пакетов / утилита ping (Network packet generation tool / ping utility)
ICMP MODE
--icmp-type type (ICMP type)
This option specifies which type of ICMP messages should be
generated. type can be supplied in two different ways. You
can use the official type numbers assigned by IANA--icmp-type 8 for ICMP Echo Request), or you can use any of
the mnemonics listed in the section called 'ICMP Types'.
--icmp-code code (ICMP code)
This option specifies which ICMP code should be included in
the generated ICMP messages. code can be supplied in two
different ways. You can use the official code numbers
assigned by IANA--icmp-code 1 for Fragment
Reassembly Time Exceeded), or you can use any of the
mnemonics listed in the section called 'ICMP Codes'.
--icmp-id id (ICMP identifier)
This option specifies the value of the identifier used in
some of the ICMP messages. In general it is used to match
request and reply messages. id must be a number in the range
[0–65535].
--icmp-seq seq (ICMP sequence)
This option specifies the value of the sequence number field
used in some ICMP messages. In general it is used to match
request and reply messages. id must be a number in the range
[0–65535].
--icmp-redirect-addr addr (ICMP Redirect address)
This option sets the address field in ICMP Redirect messages.
In other words, it sets the IP address of the router that
should be used when sending IP datagrams to the original
destination. addr can be either an IPv4 address or a
hostname.
--icmp-param-pointer pointer (ICMP Parameter Problem pointer)
This option specifies the pointer that indicates the location
of the problem in ICMP Parameter Problem messages. pointer
should be a number in the range [0–255]. Normally this option
is only used when ICMP code is set to 0 ("Pointer indicates
the error").
--icmp-advert-lifetime ttl (ICMP Router Advertisement Lifetime)
This option specifies the router advertisement lifetime, this
is, the number of seconds the information carried in an ICMP
Router Advertisement can be considered valid for. ttl must
be a positive integer in the range [0–65535].
--icmp-advert-entry addr,pref (ICMP Router Advertisement Entry)
This option adds a Router Advertisement entry to an ICMP
Router Advertisement message. The parameter must be two
values separated by a comma. addr is the router's IP and can
be specified either as an IP address in dot-decimal notation
or as a hostname. pref is the preference level for the
specified IP. It must be a number in the range
[0–4294967295]. An example is --icmp-advert-entry
192.168.128.1,3.
--icmp-orig-time timestamp (ICMP Originate Timestamp)
This option sets the Originate Timestamp in ICMP Timestamp
messages. The Originate Timestamp is expressed as the number
of milliseconds since midnight UTC and it corresponds to the
time the sender last touched the Timestamp message before its
transmission. timestamp can be specified as a regular time
(e.g. 10s, 3h, 1000ms), or the special string now. You can
add or subtract values from now, for example --icmp-orig-time
now-2s, --icmp-orig-time now+1h, --icmp-orig-time now+200ms.
--icmp-recv-time timestamp (ICMP Receive Timestamp)
This option sets the Receive Timestamp in ICMP Timestamp
messages. The Receive Timestamp is expressed as the number of
milliseconds since midnight UTC and it corresponds to the
time the echoer first touched the Timestamp message on
receipt. timestamp is as with --icmp-orig-time.
--icmp-trans-time timestamp (ICMP Transmit Timestamp)
This option sets the Transmit Timestamp in ICMP Timestamp
messages. The Transmit Timestamp is expressed as the number
of milliseconds since midnight UTC and it corresponds to the
time the echoer last touched the Timestamp message before its
transmission. timestamp is as with --icmp-orig-time.
ICMP Types
These identifiers may be used as mnemonics for the ICMP type
numbers given to the --icmp-type option. In general there are
three forms of each identifier: the full name (e.g.
destination-unreachable), the short name (e.g. dest-unr), or the
initials (e.g. du). In ICMP types that request something, the
word "request" is omitted.
echo-reply, echo-rep, er
Echo Reply (type 0). This message is sent in response to an
Echo Request message.
destination-unreachable, dest-unr, du
Destination Unreachable (type 3). This message indicates that
a datagram could not be delivered to its destination.
source-quench, sour-que, sq
Source Quench (type 4). This message is used by a congested
IP device to tell other device that is sending packets too
fast and that it should slow down.
redirect, redi, r
Redirect (type 5). This message is normally used by routers
to inform a host that there is a better route to use for
sending datagrams. See also the --icmp-redirect-addr option.
echo-request, echo, e
Echo Request (type 8). This message is used to test the
connectivity of another device on a network.
router-advertisement, rout-adv, ra
Router Advertisement (type 9). This message is used by
routers to let hosts know of their existence and
capabilities. See also the --icmp-advert-lifetime option.
router-solicitation, rout-sol, rs
Router Solicitation (type 10). This message is used by hosts
to request Router Advertisement messages from any listening
routers.
time-exceeded, time-exc, te
Time Exceeded (type 11). This message is generated by some
intermediate device (normally a router) to indicate that a
datagram has been discarded before reaching its destination
because the IP TTL expired.
parameter-problem, member-pro, pp
Parameter Problem (type 12). This message is used when a
device finds a problem with a parameter in an IP header and
it cannot continue processing it. See also the
--icmp-param-pointer option.
timestamp, time, tm
Timestamp Request (type 13). This message is used to request
a device to send a timestamp value for propagation time
calculation and clock synchronization. See also the
--icmp-orig-time, --icmp-recv-time, and --icmp-trans-time.
timestamp-reply, time-rep, tr
Timestamp Reply (type 14). This message is sent in response
to a Timestamp Request message.
information, info, i
Information Request (type 15). This message is now obsolete
but it was originally used to request configuration
information from another device.
information-reply, info-rep, ir
Information Reply (type 16). This message is now obsolete but
it was originally sent in response to an Information Request
message to provide configuration information.
mask-request, mask, m
Address Mask Request (type 17). This message is used to ask a
device to send its subnet mask.
mask-reply, mask-rep, mr
Address Mask Reply (type 18). This message contains a subnet
mask and is sent in response to a Address Mask Request
message.
traceroute, trace, tc
Traceroute (type 30). This message is normally sent by an
intermediate device when it receives an IP datagram with a
traceroute option. ICMP Traceroute messages are still
experimental, see RFC 1393 for more information.
ICMP Codes
These identifiers may be used as mnemonics for the ICMP code
numbers given to the --icmp-code option. They are listed by the
ICMP type they correspond to.
Destination Unreachable
network-unreachable, netw-unr, net
Code 0. Datagram could not be delivered to its
destination network (probably due to some routing
problem).
host-unreachable, host-unr, host
Code 1. Datagram was delivered to the destination network
but it was impossible to reach the specified host
(probably due to some routing problem).
protocol-unreachable, prot-unr, proto
Code 2. The protocol specified in the Protocol field of
the IP datagram is not supported by the host to which the
datagram was delivered.
port-unreachable, port-unr, port
Code 3. The TCP/UDP destination port was invalid.
needs-fragmentation, need-fra, frag
Code 4. Datagram had the DF bit set but it was too large
for the MTU of the next physical network so it had to be
dropped.
source-route-failed, sour-rou, routefail
Code 5. IP datagram had a Source Route option but a
router couldn't pass it to the next hop.
network-unknown, netw-unk, net?
Code 6. Destination network is unknown. This code is
never used. Instead, Network Unreachable is used.
host-unknown, host-unk, host?
Code 7. Specified host is unknown. Usually generated by a
router local to the destination host to inform of a bad
address.
host-isolated, host-iso, isolated
Code 8. Source Host Isolated. Not used.
network-prohibited, netw-pro, !net
Code 9. Communication with destination network is
administratively prohibited (source device is not allowed
to send packets to the destination network).
host-prohibited, host-pro, !host
Code 10. Communication with destination host is
administratively prohibited. (The source device is
allowed to send packets to the destination network but
not to the destination device.)
network-tos, unreachable-network-tos, netw-tos, tosnet
Code 11. Destination network unreachable because it
cannot provide the type of service specified in the IP
TOS field.
host-tos, unreachable-host-tos, toshost
Code 12. Destination host unreachable because it cannot
provide the type of service specified in the IP TOS
field.
communication-prohibited, comm-pro, !comm
Code 13. Datagram could not be forwarded due to filtering
that blocks the message based on its contents.
host-precedence-violation, precedence-violation, prec-vio,
violation
Code 14. Precedence value in the IP TOS field is not
permitted.
precedence-cutoff, prec-cut, cutoff
Code 15. Precedence value in the IP TOS field is lower
than the minimum allowed for the network.
Redirect
redirect-network, redi-net, net
Code 0. Redirect all future datagrams with the same
destination network as the original datagram, to the
router specified in the Address field. The use of this
code is prohibited by RFC 1812.
redirect-host, redi-host, host
Code 1. Redirect all future datagrams with the same
destination host as the original datagram, to the router
specified in the Address field.
redirect-network-tos, redi-ntos, redir-ntos
Code 2. Redirect all future datagrams with the same
destination network and IP TOS value as the original
datagram, to the router specified in the Address field.
The use of this code is prohibited by RFC 1812.
redirect-host-tos, redi-htos, redir-htos
Code 3. Redirect all future datagrams with the same
destination host and IP TOS value as the original
datagram, to the router specified in the Address field.
Router Advertisement
normal-advertisement, norm-adv, normal, zero, default, def
Code 0. Normal router advertisement. In Mobile IP:
Mobility agent can act as a router for IP datagrams not
related to mobile nodes.
not-route-common-traffic, not-rou, mobile-ip, !route,
!commontraffic
Code 16. Used for Mobile IP. The mobility agent does not
route common traffic. All foreign agents must forward to
a default router any datagrams received from a registered
mobile node
Time Exceeded
ttl-exceeded-in-transit, ttl-exc, ttl-transit
Code 0. IP Time To Live expired during transit.
fragment-reassembly-time-exceeded, frag-exc, frag-time
Code 1. Fragment reassembly time has been exceeded.
Parameter Problem
pointer-indicates-error, poin-ind, pointer
Code 0. The pointer field indicates the location of the
problem. See the --icmp-param-pointer option.
missing-required-option, miss-option, option-missing
Code 1. IP datagram was expected to have an option that
is not present.
bad-length, bad-len, badlen
Code 2. The length of the IP datagram is incorrect.
