инструмент генерации сетевых пакетов / утилита ping (Network packet generation tool / ping utility)
Целевая спецификация (Target specification)
Everything on the Nping command line that isn't an option or an
option argument is treated as a target host specification. Nping
uses the same syntax for target specifications that Nmap does.
The simplest case is a single target given by IP address or
hostname.
Nping supports CIDR-style addressing. You can append /numbits to
an IPv4 address or hostname and Nping will send probes to every
IP address for which the first numbits are the same as for the
reference IP or hostname given. For example, 192.168.10.0/24
would send probes to the 256 hosts between 192.168.10.0 (binary:
11000000 10101000 00001010 00000000) and 192.168.10.255 (binary:
11000000 10101000 00001010 11111111), inclusive.
192.168.10.40/24 would ping exactly the same targets. Given that
the host scanme.nmap.org is at the IP address 64.13.134.52, the
specification scanme.nmap.org/16 would send probes to the 65,536
IP addresses between 64.13.0.0 and 64.13.255.255. The smallest
allowed value is /0, which targets the whole Internet. The
largest value is /32, which targets just the named host or IP
address because all address bits are fixed.
CIDR notation is short but not always flexible enough. For
example, you might want to send probes to 192.168.0.0/16 but skip
any IPs ending with .0 or .255 because they may be used as subnet
network and broadcast addresses. Nping supports this through
octet range addressing. Rather than specify a normal IP address,
you can specify a comma-separated list of numbers or ranges for
each octet. For example, 192.168.0-255.1-254 will skip all
addresses in the range that end in .0 or .255, and
192.168.3-5,7.1 will target the four addresses 192.168.3.1,
192.168.4.1, 192.168.5.1, and 192.168.7.1. Either side of a range
may be omitted; the default values are 0 on the left and 255 on
the right. Using - by itself is the same as 0-255, but remember
to use 0- in the first octet so the target specification doesn't
look like a command-line option. Ranges need not be limited to
the final octets: the specifier 0-.-.13.37 will send probes to
all IP addresses on the Internet ending in .13.37. This sort of
broad sampling can be useful for Internet surveys and research.
IPv6 addresses can only be specified by their fully qualified
IPv6 address or hostname. CIDR and octet ranges aren't supported
for IPv6 because they are rarely useful.
Nping accepts multiple host specifications on the command line,
and they don't need to be the same type. The command nping
scanme.nmap.org 192.168.0.0/8 10.0.0,1,3-7.- does what you would
expect.
